Living high and at risk: predicting Andean bear occurrence and conflicts with humans in southeastern Peru

Rojas-VeraPinto, Roxana; Bautista, Carlos; Selva, Nuria

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02112

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Human encroachment can negatively impact bears' distribution and behaviors (Ordiz et al, 2014;Morrell et al, 2021). Bears are usually confined to areas with extreme conditions (e.g., higher elevations) and fewer human populations, leading to a low human-bear overlap and risk of HBC occurrences in these areas (Morales-González et al, 2020;Rojas-VeraPinto et al, 2022). Instead, HBC occurrences clustered near the BSGN and increased significantly with forest and cropland proportion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBC occurrence appeared to be associated with environmental features and human-related attractants (Rojas-VeraPinto et al, 2022). Human-bear overlap is necessary for HBC occurrence (Sharma et al, 2020), and thus features associated with bear and human distribution (i.e., elevation, forest cover, and human population) might impact HBC occurrence (Wilson et al, 2005;Gastineau et al, 2019;Rojas-VeraPinto et al, 2022). Bears are more likely to occupy areas with limited human access (high and rugged) (Morales-González et al, 2020), yet agricultural attractants near bear habitats can predispose bears to forage in human landscapes (Wilson et al, 2006;Lewis et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Identifying spatial and temporal patterns of human-bear conflicts (HBC) and their determiners is crucial for developing mitigation measures (Broekhuis et al, 2017;Klees et al, 2020;Ankit et al, 2021). HBC occurrence appeared to be associated with environmental features and human-related attractants (Rojas-VeraPinto et al, 2022). Human-bear overlap is necessary for HBC occurrence (Sharma et al, 2020), and thus features associated with bear and human distribution (i.e., elevation, forest cover, and human population) might impact HBC occurrence (Wilson et al, 2005;Gastineau et al, 2019;Rojas-VeraPinto et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing the spatial-temporal patterns of conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) around the Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, China

Wei

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) are widespread in Asia and pose challenges to human-bear coexistence. Identifying effective mitigation measures requires a thorough understanding of human-bear conflicts (HBC). We assessed spatial-temporal patterns of HBC and their impact factors around the Baoshan Section of the Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve (GNNR) between 2012 and 2020. The results suggested that crop raiding by bears occurred most commonly, followed by beehive loss, livestock depredation, and human casualties. HBC hotspots occurred near the protected area where local people frequently encountered bears. The landscapes with lower elevation and human density were at higher risk of HBC. Furthermore, villages with more fragmented forests or less fragmented croplands were more vulnerable to HBC. The differences in agricultural structures contributed to the diverse composition of HBC between the two regions. In addition, crop raiding by bears decreased significantly, probably due to the changing landscape composition and configuration derived from human behaviors, yet livestock depredation and beehive loss increased. Our findings indicated the complex interrelationship between the environment, bears, and humans, which could guide the implementation of mitigation measures. We recommend multiple approaches based on a social-ecological system to mitigate HBC.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing the spatial-temporal patterns of conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) around the Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, China

Wei

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Predation by Andean bears, jaguars, and pumas is a long-standing problem throughout their range, but it is not random; conflict escalates when grazing areas overlap with predator territory and livestock protection measures and management are inadequate for the area [ 62 , 63 ]. Ecuador suffers the highest deforestation rate in South America, especially in the buffer zones around protected areas, where pastures are one of the most important drivers of deforestation [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genetic Tool to Identify Predators Responsible for Livestock Attacks in South America and Recommendations for Human–Wildlife Conflict Mitigation

Díaz,

Pozo,

Alarcón

et al. 2024

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Livestock predation induces global human–wildlife conflict, triggering the retaliatory killing of large carnivores. Although domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) contribute to livestock depredation, blame primarily falls on wild predators. Dogs can also transmit pathogens between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Therefore, the presence of free-ranging dogs can have negative consequences for biodiversity conservation, smallholder economy, food supply, and public health, four of the United Nations’ Sustainable Developed Goals (SDGs) for 2030. In Ecuador, where livestock sustains rural households, retaliatory poaching threatens Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), jaguar (Panthera onca), and puma (Puma concolor) populations. However, the role of dogs in these incidents remains underexplored. The present study evaluates the possibility of reliable molecular identification of predatory species from DNA traces in bite wounds. Our results revealed the presence of dog saliva on four out of six livestock carcasses presumably attacked by wild predators. These findings highlight the importance of rectifying misinformation about large carnivores in Ecuador and the need to control dog populations. We recommend that local administrations incorporate DNA analysis into livestock predation events to examine how common the problem is, and to use the analysis to develop conflict mitigation strategies which are essential for the conservation of large carnivores.

show abstract

“…Tremarctos ornatus is classified as omnivorous, but mainly ingests meristematic tissues of Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae), palm trees (Arecaceae), and wild fruits (Ericaceae; Vela-Vargas et al 2021b). Also, opportunistic feeding of Andean bears on animal protein has been documented specifically for the consumption of cattle and their carcasses (García-Rangel 2012, Parra-Romero et al 2019, Rojas-VeraPinto et al 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Andean bear gastrointestinal parasites in Chingaza Massif, Colombia

Quintero

Pulido-Villamarín

Parra-Romero

et al. 2023

Ursus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) is the only species of the Ursidae that inhabits the Andes in South America. The natural history of the species and health issues related to infectious diseases, particularly the presence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP), is unknown. To determine the prevalence, infestation, and richness of GIP in fecal samples of wild Andean bears, 21 fecal samples were collected at different sites of the Chingaza National Park, Colombia, and its buffer area from February to April of 2019. Samples were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative coprological techniques. A minimum of one parasitic species was present in 100% (n = 21) of the samples and in 86% of them, co-infection was detected. In decreasing order, the observed parasite prevalence was as follows: 100% for Cryptosporidium spp.; 62% for Ascaris spp.; 38% for Baylisascaris spp.; 33% for Trichomonas spp.; 19% for Strongylus spp.; 14% for Microsporidia and Coccidian oocysts; followed by Trichostrongylus spp. and ciliated protozoans with 10%; and Ancylostoma spp., Blastocystis spp., and Fasciola spp. were present in 5% of the samples. The presence of Blastocystis spp., Baylisascaris spp., Ascaris spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. suggests a possible rotation of parasitic species between domestic and wild host species. This is the first report of GIP for Andean bears in the east range of Colombia, which could help to generate other studies in the country and South America.

show abstract

Living high and at risk: predicting Andean bear occurrence and conflicts with humans in southeastern Peru

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Assessing the spatial-temporal patterns of conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) around the Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, China

Assessing the spatial-temporal patterns of conflicts between humans and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) around the Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, China

A Genetic Tool to Identify Predators Responsible for Livestock Attacks in South America and Recommendations for Human–Wildlife Conflict Mitigation

Andean bear gastrointestinal parasites in Chingaza Massif, Colombia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About