Living history—A biography of Arthur B. Chapman

Mapping of the mouse X chromosome using random genomic probes and an interspecific mouse cross.

“…Of the five random probes, three map to the region between the centromere and Hprt, one to the interval between Ta and jp and one distal to jp ( Figure 6). The recombinational distance between the Hprt and Ta genes found in this cross is closely similar to that deduced from the published data of Chapman et al (1983). Since the distribution of the markers used here on the X chromosome, or at least on the proximal 4/5 of the X, is relatively uniform, most markers lying -10-20 cm from the next marker, undetected double cross-over events should not greatly modify the overall calculated recombinational distances.…”

“…The recent localisation of the myosin alkali light chain genes observed in a cross involving M. musculus domesticus and M. spretus has moreover been confirmed using recombinant inbred mice established from laboratory mouse strains belonging to the M. musculus domesticus species (Robert et al, 1985); (iii) the recombination frequency observed between the X-linked phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (Pgk-J) and a-galactosidase (a-gal) genes in a cross involving M. musculus domesticus and M. spretus is comparable with that previously reported for crosses involving standard laboratory mouse strains (Chapman et al, 1983). Whilst experiments in progress in our laboratory to determine recombination frequencies between the X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), Pgk-J and Ta genes in crosses involving these two mouse species should eventually provide additional data as to this point, there is for the moment no evidence to suggest that the use of an interspecies cross involving these two mouse species introduces significant bias into gene localisation over the major part of the X chromosome.…”

“…This large degree of species divergence has been confirmed both in the present study by the ease with which RFLPs have been found for random genetic probes and by the observations of Robert et al (1985) that probes detecting specific genes such as that encoding the mouse myosin alkali light chain isoforms also shows RFLPs in crosses involving these species. Whilst the allelic diversity intrinsic to non-inbred M. spretus mice has previously been used by Chapman et al (1983) to localise the Hprt gene and a backcross between inbred M. musculus domesticus and M. spretus-derived strains used to look for linkage between the myosin and actin genes (Robert et al, 1985), our study represents the first example of the systematic use of such a cross for the structural mapping of a single chromosome.…”

“…This cross segregated for the coat marker Ta. the neurological mutationjp and allelic forms of the Hprt gene derived from either the M. musculus domesticus or M. spretus species giving rise to two allozymic forms separable by isoelectrophoretic focusing (Chapman et al, 1983). Observations of backcross progeny for segregation of the Ta andjp markers was carried out 15-30 days after birth.…”

“…HPRT alloz,ne analhsi.s Brains were taken and ultra-sonicated in 1 ml water using five bursts of 5 s. After centrifugation at 13 000 g for 15 min, supernatants were tested on horizontal isoelectric focusing gels using a modification of the technique described by Chasin andUrlaub (1976) andChapman et al (1983). The isolectrophoresis gradient used extended from pH 4.0 to pH 8.0.…”