Living in High-SES Neighborhoods Is Protective against Obesity among Higher-Income Children but Not Low-Income Children: Results from the Healthy Communities Study

Kim, Yeonwoo; Landgraf, Andrew J.; Colabianchi, Natalie

doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00427-9

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Physical activity was measured using the PABR-7 instrument. The PABR-7 instrument was designed for the HCS and has been used in associational studies [ 36 , 38 ], but the psychometric properties have not been established [ 34 ]. Although we excluded any item explicitly asking about physical activity at school, whether physical activity occurred in a child’s residential neighborhood was not measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the American Community Survey 2009–2013 to obtain the measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was measured by summing the z scores of variables representing income, housing values, education, and occupation at the block group level and then calculating the weighted average of the summated z scores within 1 km of the participant’s residence [ 35 , 36 ]. We categorized neighborhoods into three groups using tertiles of weighted neighborhood socioeconomic status score.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

Kim

Ritchie

Landgraf

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data included 2749 non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children from the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel regression was performed. The neighborhood social environment was not associated with physical activity in the full sample. However, Hispanic children speaking both English and Spanish and first- or second-generation Hispanic children engaged in more physical activity when the quality of the neighborhood social environment was higher (b = 1.60, p < 0.001 for Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish; b = 2.03, p < 0.01 for first-generation Hispanic children; b = 1.29, p < 0.01 for second-generation Hispanic children). Neighborhood physical activity-related social norms mediated the association between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish (b = 0.33, p < 0.001) and second-generation Hispanic children (b = 0.40, p < 0.001). Findings suggest heterogeneity in how neighborhood social environments impact physical activity by cultural factors. Health promotion programs may need to enhance neighborhood social environments to increase Hispanic children’s physical activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

Kim

Ritchie

Landgraf

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Because neighborhood SES is associated with excess weight gain in childhood, 24 Census block group−level measures of income, poverty, racial, and ethnic composition; educational attainment; housing; and family structure were also included as features in the prediction models. Because the data for the study span a prolonged period, block group−level Census data were taken from Summary File 3 of the 2000 Census of Population and from various releases of the American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Machine Learning to Determine the Information Value of a BMI Screening Program

Zare

Thomsen²,

Nayga³

et al. 2021

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction: Childhood obesity continues to be a significant public health issue in the U.S. and is associated with short-and long-term adverse health outcomes. A number of states have implemented school-based BMI screening programs. However, these programs have been criticized for not being effective in improving students' BMI or reducing childhood obesity. One potential benefit, however, of screening programs is the identification of younger children at risk of obesity as they age.Methods: This study used a unique panel data set from the BMI screening program for public school children in the state of Arkansas collected from 2003 to 2004 through the 2018−2019 academic years and analyzed in 2020. Machine learning algorithms were applied to understand the informational value of BMI screening. Specifically, this study evaluated the importance of BMI information during kindergarten to the accurate prediction of childhood obesity by the 4th grade.Results: Kindergarten BMI z-score is the most important predictor of obesity by the 4th grade and is much more important to prediction than sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables that would otherwise be available to policymakers in the absence of the screening program. Including the kindergarten BMI z-score of students in the model meaningfully increases the accuracy of the prediction.Conclusions: Data from the Arkansas BMI screening program greatly improve the ability to identify children at greatest risk of future obesity to the extent that better prediction can be translated into more effective policy and better health outcomes. This is a heretofore unexamined benefit of school-based BMI screening.

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“…However, as shown by one study, this household SES effect may depend on the SES of these adolescents' living environment [17]. Kim et al (2020) showed that high-SES neighbourhoods were protective against obesity among higher-SES adolescents, but not among those with a low SES. Additionally, in low-and medium-SES neighbourhoods, obesity prevalence was similar between low-and high-SES adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It is acknowledged that those with a lower household SES, in a similar local environment, will be more likely to be overweight or obese than those with a higher household SES [16]. However, as shown by one study, this household SES effect may depend on the SES of these adolescents' living environment [17]. Kim et al (2020) showed that high-SES neighbourhoods were protective against obesity among higher-SES adolescents, but not among those with a low SES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Overweight and obesity by school socioeconomic composition and adolescent socioeconomic status: a school-based study

et al. 2021

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Background The main objective of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of school socioeconomic composition (SEC) and adolescent socioeconomic status (SES) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative sample of French adolescents of the third most populous département of France. Methods 1038 adolescents agreed to participate (response rate: 91.4%). They self-reported anthropomorphic variables, SES, school lunch and physical activity. The body mass index was divided into six categories according to the Center for Disease Control. Multivariable binary logistic regressions analysis without and with interaction term were performed on overweight or obesity. Models fit was compared using the Aikaike Information Criterion. Odds-ratios (OR) and their 95% accelerated-bootstrap confidence interval (95%BCa CI) were computed to estimate overweight or obesity risk. Results 8.9% of the adolescents were overweight. 3.4% were obese. No school-SEC effect was observed among low-SES adolescents. Medium-SES adolescents were at greater risk in low-SEC (OR = 10.75, 95%BCa CI = 2.67–64.57) and medium-SEC (OR = 5.08, 95%BCa CI = 1.55–24.84) compared with high-SEC schools. High-SES adolescents in low-SEC schools were at greater risk compared with those in medium-SEC (OR = 5.94, 95%BCa CI = 1.94–17.29) and high-SEC schools (OR = 4.99, 95%BCa CI = 1.71–13.14). A social gradient was observed in medium-SEC (ORlow/high = 2.79, 95%BCa CI = 1.22–7.41) and high-SEC (ORlow/medium = 6.86, 95%BCa CI = 1.06–5.22*106) schools. Conclusions Physical activity and lunch at and outside school help to understand these differences. Implications for obesity prevention initiatives are discussed.

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Living in High-SES Neighborhoods Is Protective against Obesity among Higher-Income Children but Not Low-Income Children: Results from the Healthy Communities Study

Cited by 22 publications

References 63 publications

The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

Use of Machine Learning to Determine the Information Value of a BMI Screening Program

Overweight and obesity by school socioeconomic composition and adolescent socioeconomic status: a school-based study

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