Living on a surface: swarming and biofilm formation

Verstraeten, Natalie; Braeken, Kristien; Bachaspatimayum, Debkumari; Fauvart, Maarten; Fransaer, Jan; Vermant, Jan; Michiels, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.07.004

Cited by 439 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…These results suggest that in addition to producing compounds that trigger responses in QS reporters, tested strains secrete substances that inhibit swarming in S. marcescens, either by interfering with the regulation of the flagellar regulon or by disrupting the synthesis of the surfactant. Both of these functions are required for surface swarming (Lindum et al, 1998;Verstraeten et al, 2008).…”

Section: Effect On Swarming In Serratia Marcescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

et al. 2011

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Interactions within microbial communities associated with marine holobionts contribute importantly to the health of these symbiotic organisms formed by invertebrates, dinoflagellates and bacteria. However, mechanisms that control invertebrate-associated microbiota are not yet fully understood. Hydrophobic compounds that were isolated from surfaces of asymptomatic corals inhibited biofilm formation by the white pox pathogen Serratia marcescens PDL100, indicating that signals capable of affecting the associated microbiota are produced in situ. However, neither the origin nor structures of these signals are currently known. A functional survey of bacteria recovered from coral mucus and from cultures of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium spp. revealed that they could alter swarming and biofilm formation in S. marcescens. As swarming and biofilm formation are inversely regulated, the ability of some native a-proteobacteria to affect both behaviors suggests that the a-proteobacterial signal(s) target a global regulatory switch controlling the behaviors in the pathogen. Isolates of Marinobacter sp. inhibited both biofilm formation and swarming in S. marcescens PDL100, without affecting growth of the coral pathogen, indicative of the production of multiple inhibitors, likely targeting lower level regulatory genes or functions. A multi-species cocktail containing these strains inhibited progression of a disease caused by S. marcescens in a model polyp Aiptasia pallida. An a-proteobacterial isolate 44B9 had a similar effect. Even though B4% of native holobiont-associated bacteria produced compounds capable of triggering responses in well-characterized N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) biosensors, there was no strong correlation between the production of AHL-like signals and disruption of biofilms or swarming in S. marcescens.

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Section: Effect On Swarming In Serratia Marcescensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

et al. 2011

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“…Coordinated, multi-cellular spreading over semi-solid surfaces (known as 'swarming') is one such mechanism of expansion and surface colonization (Verstraeten et al, 2008). Swarming is often coregulated with certain metabolic pathways (Toguchi et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Members of native coral microbiota inhibit glycosidases and thwart colonization of coral mucus by an opportunistic pathogen

et al. 2012

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The outcome of the interactions between native commensal microorganisms and opportunistic pathogens is crucial to the health of the coral holobiont. During the establishment within the coral surface mucus layer, opportunistic pathogens, including a white pox pathogen Serratia marcescens PDL100, compete with native bacteria for available nutrients. Both commensals and pathogens employ glycosidases and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to utilize components of coral mucus. This study tested the hypothesis that specific glycosidases were critical for the growth of S. marcescens on mucus and that their inhibition by native coral microbiota reduces fitness of the pathogen. Consistent with this hypothesis, a S. marcescens transposon mutant with reduced glycosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities was unable to compete with the wild type on the mucus of the host coral Acropora palmata, although it was at least as competitive as the wild type on a minimal medium with glycerol and casamino acids. Virulence of the mutant was modestly reduced in the Aiptasia model. A survey revealed that B8% of culturable coral commensal bacteria have the ability to inhibit glycosidases in the pathogen. A small molecular weight, ethanol-soluble substance(s) produced by the coral commensal Exiguobacterium sp. was capable of the inhibition of the induction of catabolic enzymes in S. marcescens. This inhibition was in part responsible for the 10-100-fold reduction in the ability of the pathogen to grow on coral mucus. These results provide insight into potential mechanisms of commensal interference with early colonization and infection behaviors in opportunistic pathogens and highlight an important function for the native microbiota in coral health.

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“…actinidiae (PSA) is the 40 most important threat to the kiwifruit industry worldwide (Cameron & 45 PSA was first reported in Japan (1984) (Takikawa et al 1989); Korea (1989) (Koh et al 1994) 46 and; in the early 90's, in Italy (Scortichini 1994), although at that time the disease was highly 47 destructive in Japan and Korea, the consequences for the kiwifruit plants in Italy were no more 48 than leaf spot and twig dieback in some orchards (Cameron & 94 move toward a more favorable environment through swimming, which is the individual 95 movement of one bacterium, mainly driven by its flagella (Sokolov et al 2007). This movement 96 allows them to find and associate to more complex bacterial structures, forming multicellular 97 communities (Sokolov et al 2007;Verstraeten et al 2008). These surface-associated 98 multicellular communities are often used by bacteria because they give them several advantages 99 over the individual-cell mode, particularly regarding their resistance to stressful environmental 100 conditions or to chemical compounds (Verstraeten et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This movement 96 allows them to find and associate to more complex bacterial structures, forming multicellular 97 communities (Sokolov et al 2007;Verstraeten et al 2008). These surface-associated 98 multicellular communities are often used by bacteria because they give them several advantages 99 over the individual-cell mode, particularly regarding their resistance to stressful environmental 100 conditions or to chemical compounds (Verstraeten et al 2008). It has been shown that PSA is 101 able to form biofilms, sessile bacterial communities embedded within and attached to a surface 102 (Ghods et al 2015;Renzi et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…104 The swarming movement is another example of bacterial multicellular association, but in this 105 case the final purpose is the collective movement over surfaces. This bacterial motility also 106 requires the flagella, and in some cases the development of secondary structures and changes in 107 cell morphologies (Verstraeten et al 2008). The swarming process is the fastest way for a 108 bacterial community to move over colonized surfaces (Eberl et al 1999;Kearns 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Chilean Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae strains isolated from infected orchards

Parada

Orellana

Amaza

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA) strain is a major problem for the kiwifruit industry worldwide. So far, 5 biovars of PSA have been identified, of which the most virulent form is biovar 3. This is the only biovar that has been detected in Chile, which is the third kiwifruit exporter country and is currently suffering from canker disease produced by PSA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses have classified the biovar 3 strain into three groups: the European, the New Zealander and the Chilean groups, which have evolved from a common Chinese PSA ancestor. Although Chilean strains have been used in phylogenetic analysis, there is no information about genomic diversity within this group or whether they present microbiological characteristics that could affect its virulence. In this work we studied 15 Chilean bacterial isolates collected from orchards with canker disease symptoms, and classified them as PSA using a different PCR techniques. To gain more information on the relationship between the isolates we sequenced part of three conserved genes widely used to classify bacterial strains: gtl (Citrate Synthase), rpoD (Sigma subunit of RNA polymerase II) and gyrB (Gyrase B). Using these sequences we performed a phylogenetic analysis that included some PSA reference sequences. Fourteen PSA Chilean isolates were grouped with PSA reference strains and three of them formed a subgroup within the PSA clade, suggesting clear differences at the genomic level among the isolates. We evaluated three microbiological traits in all the isolates: motility (swimming and swarming), and ability to induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. All the isolates were able to induce the hypersensitive response in tobacco plants and were also able to perform both types of movements in appropriated growing conditions. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2787v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec:

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Living on a surface: swarming and biofilm formation

Cited by 439 publications

References 88 publications

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens

Members of native coral microbiota inhibit glycosidases and thwart colonization of coral mucus by an opportunistic pathogen

Characterization of Chilean Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae strains isolated from infected orchards

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