Living on the border of the CNS: Dural immune cells in health and disease

Chen, Zhuangzhuang; Liu, Peilin; Xia, Xiaoshuang; Wang, Lin; Li, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104545

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…For example, dural macrophages are closely associated with dural blood vessels [ 33 ]; T cells are predominantly found surrounding the dural sinuses [ 30 ••]; and pro-, pre-, immature, and mature B cells are found adjacent to and within dural blood and lymphatic vessels [ 34 •, 35 ]. Fenestration of dural vessels allows for a large portion of dural immune cells to be trafficked from the periphery [ 36 ], including IgA-producing plasma cells educated in the gut and trafficked to the meninges to prevent CNS infection from blood pathogens [ 37 ].…”

Section: Immune Surveillance Of the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease

Zarate,

Kirabo,

Hinton

et al. 2024

Curr Hypertens Rep

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Purpose of Review Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and chronic disability worldwide. Yet, despite extensive intervention strategies the number of persons affected by CVD continues to rise. Thus, there is great interest in unveiling novel mechanisms that may lead to new treatments. Considering this dilemma, recent focus has turned to the neuroimmune mechanisms involved in CVD pathology leading to a deeper understanding of the brain’s involvement in disease pathology. This review provides an overview of new and salient findings regarding the neuroimmune mechanisms that contribute to CVD. Recent Findings The brain contains neuroimmune niches comprised of glia in the parenchyma and immune cells at the brain’s borders, and there is strong evidence that these neuroimmune niches are important in both health and disease. Mechanistic studies suggest that the activation of glia and immune cells in these niches modulates CVD progression in hypertension and heart failure and contributes to the inevitable end-organ damage to the brain. Summary This review provides evidence supporting the role of neuroimmune niches in CVD progression. However, additional research is needed to understand the effects of prolonged neuroimmune activation on brain function.

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Section: Immune Surveillance Of the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease

Zarate,

Kirabo,

Hinton

et al. 2024

Curr Hypertens Rep

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“…In addition, B lymphocytes generated in the bone marrow of the skull and vertebrae in the central nervous system can reach the dura through lymphatic ducts ( 81 ). The meningeal immunity mediated by them participates in different neuroinflammatory reactions and plays a key role in the occurrence and development of dura metastasis and other neurological diseases ( 82 ).…”

Section: Microenvironment Characteristics Of Brain Metastasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

TME-targeted approaches of brain metastases and its clinical therapeutic evidence

Khan,

Sala

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes both cellular and non-cellular elements, is now recognized as one of the major regulators of the development of primary tumors, the metastasis of which occurs to specific organs, and the response to therapy. Development of immunotherapy and targeted therapies have increased knowledge of cancer-related inflammation Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) limit immune cells from entering from the periphery, it has long been considered an immunological refuge. Thus, tumor cells that make their way “to the brain were believed to be protected from the body’s normal mechanisms of monitoring and eliminating them. In this process, the microenvironment and tumor cells at different stages interact and depend on each other to form the basis of the evolution of tumor brain metastases. This paper focuses on the pathogenesis, microenvironmental changes, and new treatment methods of different types of brain metastases. Through the systematic review and summary from macro to micro, the occurrence and development rules and key driving factors of the disease are revealed, and the clinical precision medicine of brain metastases is comprehensively promoted. Recent research has shed light on the potential of TME-targeted and potential treatments for treating Brain metastases, and we’ll use that knowledge to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches.

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“…These barriers used to be thought to insulate the CNS from its immune system, but recent research suggests that these barriers facilitate communication between the CNS and the outside world. Some of them also act as immune hubs, such as the dura mater, which associates with the brain through the lymphatic system, metabolizing waste and maintaining brain homeostasis ( 92 ).…”

Section: Immune Cells and Immune System In The Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS and CNS diseases in relation to their immune system

Hua

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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The central nervous system is the most important nervous system in vertebrates, which is responsible for transmitting information to the peripheral nervous system and controlling the body’s activities. It mainly consists of the brain and spinal cord, which contains rich of neurons, the precision of the neural structures susceptible to damage from the outside world and from the internal factors of inflammation infection, leading to a series of central nervous system diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, nerve inflammation, etc., these diseases may cause irreversible damage on the central nervous or lead to subsequent chronic lesions. After disease or injury, the immune system of the central nervous system will play a role, releasing cytokines to recruit immune cells to enter, and the immune cells will differentiate according to the location and degree of the lesion, and become specific immune cells with different functions, recognize and phagocytose inflammatory factors, and repair the damaged neural structure. However, if the response of these immune cells is not suppressed, the overexpression of some genes can cause further damage to the central nervous system. There is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms by which these immune cells work, and this information may lead to immunotherapies that target certain diseases and avoid over-activation of immune cells. In this review, we summarized several immune cells that mainly play a role in the central nervous system and their roles, and also explained the response process of the immune system in the process of some common neurological diseases, which may provide new insights into the central nervous system.

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Living on the border of the CNS: Dural immune cells in health and disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease

Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease

TME-targeted approaches of brain metastases and its clinical therapeutic evidence

CNS and CNS diseases in relation to their immune system

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