Living particulate fluxes in throughfall and stemflow during a pollen event

Guidone, Michele; Gordon, D. Alex; Stan, John T. Van

doi:10.1007/s10533-021-00787-7

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although less well studied, faunal communities within bark epiphytes (e.g., foliose lichens) and on bark surfaces make up part of a complex and rich bark food web that remains poorly understood (Anderson, 2014;Asplund et al, 2018). In sum, although nascent, this research points to the potential for significant transfers of microorganismal and faunal biomass via throughfall and stemflow to the ground below (Guidone et al, 2021;Magyar et al, 2021) along with important fluxes of dissolved and suspended materials.…”

Section: Bark As Reactormentioning

confidence: 98%

Accumulator, Transporter, Substrate, and Reactor: Multidimensional Perspectives and Approaches to the Study of Bark

Ponette‐González

2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Woody ecosystems have a relatively thin but aerially extensive and dynamic layer of bark that, like leaves, regulates material exchange at the interface of air, water, and biota. Through interception, retention, and leaching of materials and interactions with epiphytic communities, bark alters the chemistry and composition of water draining over its surface during precipitation. This mini-review explores different perspectives and approaches to the study of bark and what they reveal about the myriad ways bark surfaces influence the quality of sub-canopy precipitation. Observational studies conducted over the past five decades in the fields of environmental science, ecohydrology, epiphyte ecology, and microbiology demonstrate that bark is an accumulator, transporter, substrate, and reactor. Bark passively accumulates materials from the atmosphere, water, and canopies, and also serves as an active transport surface, exchanging materials laterally and longitudinally. In addition, bark substrates influence epiphyte diversity, composition, and distribution, which, in turn, affect material cycling. Bark surfaces are dynamic over time, changing in response to disturbances (e.g., insect outbreaks, aging, and tree death)—how such changes influence the chemical and elemental composition of throughfall and stemflow merits further study. Moving forward, integration of diverse perspectives and approaches is needed to elucidate the influence of bark surfaces on solute and particulate transport and cycling within woody ecosystems.

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Section: Bark As Reactormentioning

confidence: 98%

Accumulator, Transporter, Substrate, and Reactor: Multidimensional Perspectives and Approaches to the Study of Bark

Ponette‐González

2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…It is plausible that storms can wash off canopy arthropods at various life stages, enabling ecologists to gain insights into the temporal and spatial (i.e., tree-to-tree) dynamics of arthropod life cycles by sampling stemflow. Microscopic canopy animals (microfauna) have generally not been considered contamination in stemflow and, recently, these organisms have received increased attention (Ptatscheck et al, 2018;Guidone et al, 2021). As some of these microfauna are used as biocontrol agents, especially nematodes (Grewal et al, 2005), their presence in stemflow could provide insights into the uniformity and efficacy of biocontrol applications (Ellsbury et al, 1996) or indicate the presence of natural biocontrol agents-as hypothesized in Magyar et al (2021).…”

Section: Canopy Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For healthy plant canopies, shifts in the composition of microfauna transported by stemflow could signal changes in the mechanisms that delivered microfauna to the canopy. For example, Guidone et al (2021) reported substantial changes in the abundance and composition of rotifers, nematodes and flagellate protists when pollen events occurred, indicating that many of these organisms were transported by pollen (or by pollinators). These are just several hypothetical signals in stemflow that may shed insights into the presence, abundance, structure, function, origins, and dynamics of faunal communities in forest canopies.…”

Section: Canopy Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbial communities that dwell on and in forests canopies, permanently or temporarily, include viruses, archaea, bacteria, fungi and single-celled eukaryotes (protists). Recent work has shown that many of these types of microbes (bacteria, fungal spores, and protists) can be washed from canopies by stemflow (Teachey et al, 2018;Guidone et al, 2021;Magyar et al, 2021). For host trees, their epiphytes and epifauna, microbiota can engage in various relationships of interest, including mutualism (Mejía et al, 2014), saprotrophism (Song et al, 2017), and pathogenism (Laine et al, 2014), though many, of course, have no known relationship.…”

Section: Canopy Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual analysis: What signals might plant canopies send via stemflow?

et al. 2022

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As watersheds are complex systems that are difficult to directly study, the streams that drain them are often sampled to search for watershed “signals.” These signals include the presence and/or abundance of isotopes, types of sediment, organisms (including pathogens), chemical compounds associated with ephemeral biogeochemical processes or anthropogenic impacts, and so on. Just like watersheds can send signals via the streams that drain from them, we present a conceptual analysis that suggests plant canopies (equally complex and hard-to-study systems) may send similar signals via the precipitation that drains down their stems (stemflow). For large, tall, hard-to-access tree canopies, this portion of precipitation may be modest, often <2%; however, stemflow waters, like stream waters, scour a large drainage network which may allow stemflow to pick up various signals from various processes within and surrounding canopies. This paper discusses some of the signals that the canopy environment may impart to stemflow and their relevance to our understanding of vegetated ecosystems. Being a conceptual analysis, some examples have been observed; most are hypothetical. These include signals from on-canopy biogeochemical processes, seasonal epi-faunal activities, pathogenic impacts, and the physiological activities of the canopy itself. Given stemflow's currently limited empirical hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical relevance to date (mostly due to its modest fraction in most forest water cycles), future work on the possible “signals in stemflow” may also motivate more natural scientists and, perhaps some applied researchers, to rigorously monitor this oft-ignored water flux.

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“…Trees' leaf and bark structure provides ample habitat for a wide variety of metazoans, including epiphytic vegetation like lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants. The canopy may also host metazoans in tree holes that, after rain events, are filled with water and become habitat for metazoans like rotifers, nematodes, tardigrades, mites and collembolans (Guidone et al, 2021;Miller et al, 2013;Ponette-González et al, 2020;Ptatscheck & Traunspurger, 2014;Shaw, 2015). Animal life can be abundant in the microhabitats of intact bark (Magyar, 2008), and within and below dead bark or dead branches, as beetles and butterfly larvae feed on starch or cellulose found in bark tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemflow metazoan transport from common urban tree species (São Paulo, Brazil)

et al. 2022

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For precipitation to reach the surface of vegetated ecosystems, it must first pass through the canopy. A portion of precipitation, stemflow, drains down branches to the stem. This stemflow may wash canopy-dwelling animals (metazoans) into the litter and soils below; however, stemflow metazoans transport has typically been ignored in past research. In fact, the visual presence of metazoans in stemflow collection bins was reported as "contamination" in past research. Thus, we know little about these organisms' transfer from plant canopies to the surface. To investigate this topic, we monitored metazoan concentrations and composition within stemflow that drained from eight urban tree species (n = 3 per species) over 12 months. Annual (±SE) stemflow recorded from all 24 sampled trees was 19.6 (±3.3) mm (2.3% rainfall). Analysis of 288 samples found 1,307 individuals distributed into seven classes (16 orders) and one organism at phylum level. Considering all trees (n = 24), the annual mean metazoan density in stemflow was 8.6 individuals L À1 . Among tree species, there were considerable variations, ranging from 1.0 to 17 individuals L À1 .Annual metazoan transport per tree ranged from 20 to 376 individuals m À2 y À1 . The most common taxa observed in stemflow from this site included Arachnida (10%), Collembola (33%) and Insecta (56%). Variability in metazoan density within and across species was high, but individual trees with the highest metazoan stemflow density and flux were those with large diameter and exfoliating bark structure. This study demonstrates that stemflow can transport a substantial and diverse meso-and macro-fauna to the surface of urban forests. Future work may be merited on the fate and/or role of these metazoans in litter and soil systems.

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Living particulate fluxes in throughfall and stemflow during a pollen event

Abstract: Short CommunicationLiving particulate fluxes in throughfall and stemflow during a pollen event.

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Accumulator, Transporter, Substrate, and Reactor: Multidimensional Perspectives and Approaches to the Study of Bark

Accumulator, Transporter, Substrate, and Reactor: Multidimensional Perspectives and Approaches to the Study of Bark

Conceptual analysis: What signals might plant canopies send via stemflow?

Stemflow metazoan transport from common urban tree species (São Paulo, Brazil)

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