LLLT applications may enhance ASD aspects related to disturbances in the gut microbiome, mitochondrial activity, and neural network function

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder constitutes a complex, elaborate, and diverse condition at a developmental, biological, and neurophysiological level. It is recognized primarily by the behavioral manifestations of the individual in communication, social interaction, and by extension in his cognitive development and adaptation to society as a whole. A wide range of studies have linked the pathophysiology of autism to dysfunctional elements in the development and function of mitochondria, cells, neurons, and the gastrointestinal microbiome. Low Light Laser Therapy (LLLT) is an innovative, emerging, non-invasive treatment method. It utilizes low levels of red light/near-infrared light positively affecting biological and pathological processes of the body by enhancing cellular, mitochondrial stimulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and immune system development, regulating the gut microbiome's function. The retrospective literature review focuses on the possibility of effective use of the method in autism. According to the literature, LLLT does not have many applications in patients with ASD and is still in the early stages of its use in the disorder. However, the results of the studies highlight its therapeutic effect in several areas related to the disease, pointing out that it is a promising therapeutic approach for the evolution of autism in the future.