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Kazayawoko, M.; Balatinecz, John J.; Matuana, Laurent M.

doi:10.1023/a:1004790409158

Cited by 349 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The introduction of maleated PP (MAPP) leads almost exclusively to the separate dispersion of the components. The reaction of the maleic anhydride group with the wood fibers creates strong covalent bonds, on the one hand, and the interdiffusion of MAPP forms entanglements with the matrix polymer, on the other, resulting in strong adhesion and good stress transfer as well [22][23][24]. Adhesion force changes from about 100 mJ/m 2 to nearly 1000 mJ/m 2 in this way [25].…”

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confidence: 99%

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

Keledi

Sudár

Burgstaller³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Polypropylene (PP) was reinforced with wood flour and impact modified with elastomers to increase stiffness and impact resistance simultaneously. Elastomer content changed in four (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt%), while that of wood content in seven steps, the latter from 0 to 60 wt% in 10 wt% steps. Structure and adhesion were controlled by the addition of functionalized (maleated) polymers. Composites were homogenized in a twin-screw extruder and then injection molded to tensile bars. Fracture resistance was characterized by standard and instrumented impact tests. The results showed that the components are dispersed independently of each other even when a functionalized elastomer is used for impact modification, at least under the conditions of this study. Impact resistance does not change much as a function of wood content in PP/wood composites, but decreases drastically from the very high level of the PP/elastomer blend to almost the same value obtained without impact modifier in the three-component materials. Increasing stiffness and fiber related local deformation processes led to small fracture toughness at large wood content. Micromechanical deformation processes depend mainly on the strength of PP/wood interaction; debonding and pull-out take place at poor adhesion, while fiber fracture dominates when adhesion is strong. Composites with sufficiently large impact resistance cannot be prepared in the usual range of wood contents (50–60 wt%)

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confidence: 99%

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

Keledi

Sudár

Burgstaller³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…This incompatibility may cause problems in composite processing and material properties. Hydrogen bonds may be formed between the hydrophilic fibers, causing the fibers to agglomerate into bundles and thus be distributed unevenly throughout the non-polar polymer matrix during the compounding process (Raj et al 1989;Kazayawoko et al 1999). There is also insufficient wetting of the fibers by the non-polar polymer matrices, resulting in weak interfacial adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fiber Surface Treatments on the Properties of Wood Fiber–Phenolic Foam Composites

Ma¹,

Wang²,

Chu³

2017

BioResources

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Wood fibers were modified with alkaline solution and silane coupling agent to study changes on the fiber surface and the influence of these treatments on the mechanical properties, flame resistance, thermal conductivity, and microstructure of wood fiber-phenolic foam composites. Test results indicated that the lignin, waxes, hemicelluloses, and other impurities from the fiber surface were partially dissolved and removed. The mechanical properties of treated wood fiber-phenolic foam composites increased dramatically, the cellular pore distribution was more regular, the size of bubble cells was smaller and more uniform, and the thermal conductivity was reduced, and, in particular, the fragility of treated wood fiber-phenolic foam composites decreased. However, with increasing wood fiber content, the mechanical properties and limited oxygen index (LOI) of composite foam decreased. By comprehensive analysis, it was shown that the interfacial compatibility between the fibers and phenolic resin was improved. Nevertheless, the amount of wood used could not be too high, and the optimum amount was approximately 5%.

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“…Coupling agents such as maleic anhydride (MAPP) are employed during processing to obtain a good interphase between the fibers and the matrix (Rodriguez et al 2010;Girones et al 2011;Serrano et al 2013). MAPP reacts with the cellulose hydroxyl groups; the resulting chemical bond and entanglement of the PP chains allows for a suitable dispersion of the reinforcing fiber in the matrix (Kazayawoko et al 1999). Good compatibility at the interphase leads to better stress transfer between the two components, which then improves the mechanical and physical properties of the composites (Youssef et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Strength Assessment of Injection-Molded High Yield Sugarcane Bagasse-Reinforced Polypropylene

et al. 2016

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Sugarcane bagasse was treated to obtain sawdust, in addition to mechanical, thermomechanical, and chemical-thermomechanical pulps. The obtained fibers were used to obtain reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by injection molding. Coupling agent contents ranging from 2 to 10% w/w were added to the composite to obtain the highest tensile strength. All the composites included 30% w/w of reinforcing fibers. The tensile strength of the different sugarcane bagasse fiber composites were tested and discussed. The results were compared with that of other natural fiber-or glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Pulp-based composites showed higher tensile strength than sawdust-based composites. A micromechanical analysis showed the relationship of some micromechanical properties to the orientation angle, critical length, the intrinsic tensile strength, and the interfacial shear strength. The pulps showed similar intrinsic tensile strengths and were higher than that of sawdust. The properties of the sugarcane bagasse composites compared well with other natural fiber-reinforced composites.

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Cited by 349 publications

References 13 publications

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

Effects of Fiber Surface Treatments on the Properties of Wood Fiber–Phenolic Foam Composites

Tensile Strength Assessment of Injection-Molded High Yield Sugarcane Bagasse-Reinforced Polypropylene

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