lncRNA TINCR participates in ALA‐PDT‐induced apoptosis and autophagy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

This study aims to investigate whether terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA (TINCR) has an effect on apoptosis and autophagy induced by ALA-PDT in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). A431 cells were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solution at different concentrations and for different duration time. A431 cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, relative TINCR messenger RNA expression was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A431 cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Relative apoptosis/autophagyrelated protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis. The effect of TINCR on cell autophagy was detected by RFP-LC3 immunofluorescence assay. Reactive oxygen species concentration was detected by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. Relative expressions of ERK1/2 and specificity protein 3 (Sp3) in A43 cells were detected by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Sp3 binding sites were analyzed by ChIP-qPCR. The relative transcription activity was measured with luciferase reporter assay. ALA-PDT treatment at 3.2 mmol/L for 120 minutes significantly promoted TINCR expression in CSCC A431 cells, and TINCR promoted ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis and cell autophagy. Furthermore, ALA-PDT promoted TINCR expression through ERK1/2-SP3 pathway. Sp3 promoted TINCR transcription by binding TINCR promoters. Our data indicated that TINCR involves in ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis and autophagy in CSCC. K E Y W O R D S apoptosis, autophagy, ERK1/2-Sp3 pathway, terminal differentiation-induced ncRNA J Cell Biochem. 2019;120:13893-13902.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jcb

Deciphering the Molecular Landscape of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Better Diagnosis and Treatment

“…In this regard, the downregulation of TINCR in cSCC specimens could be correlated to the decrease in differentiation [ 116 ]. Additionally, some suggested that TINCR is involved in A431 cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by the combined treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid and photodynamic therapy, via the ERK1/2-SP3 pathway [ 117 ]. Another lncRNA whose expression is lowered in cSCC is LINC00520, a new type that has only been reported in a few tumors.…”

lncRNA-TINCR Functions as a Competitive Endogenous RNA to Regulate the Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Sponging miR-761

“…Others reported that the overexpression of TINCR suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in lung cancer cells, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. And about the role of TINCR in the migration of rMSCs [12][13][14], in this study, we first used real-time quantitative RT-PCR to validate whether miR-761 regulates the expression of TINCR. Then, we evaluated the effect of Figure 4: Wnt2 is a potential target of miRNA-761.…”

“…TINCR, a terminal differentiation-induced lncRNA with 3.7 kb transcript, is discovered from human welldifferentiated somatic tissues [10]. There is growing evidence that TINCR is involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, migration, invasion, and metastasis [11][12][13][14]. For instance, Xu et al found that the overexpression of TINCR regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by affecting KLF2 mRNA stability in gastric cancer (GC) [15].…”

The Roles of lncRNA in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Other research suggested that TINCR is involved in ALA-PDT-induced (5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy-induced) apoptosis and autophagy in A431 cells. ALA-PDT promoted the expression of TINCR in A431 cells, and then TINCR promoted ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis and autophagy via the ERK1/2-SP3 (specificity protein 3) pathway (30).…”