LncRNAs, the Molecules Involved in Communications With Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells

Abstract

Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) can actively self-renew, as well as having multidirectional differentiation and tumor regeneration abilities. Because the high functional activities of CRCSCs are associated with low cure rates in patients with colorectal cancer, efforts have sought to determine the function and regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs. To date, however, the potential regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs remain incompletely understood. Many non-coding genes are involved in tumor invasion and spread through their regulation of CRCSCs, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being important non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs may be involved in the colorectal cancer development and drug resistance through their regulation of CRCSCs. This review systematically evaluates the latest research on the ability of lncRNAs to regulate CRCSC signaling pathways and the involvement of these lncRNAs in colorectal cancer promotion and suppression. The regulatory network of lncRNAs in the CRCSC signaling pathway has been determined. Further analysis of the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as novel clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer may provide new ideas and protocols for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

LINC01305 recruits basonuclin 1 to act on G‐protein pathway suppressor 1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…34 In the present study, we identified the transcription factors GRHL2 and BNC1 to be highly expressed A number of studies have shown that transcription factors bind to lncRNAs to promote tumor development. [21][22][23]35 Thus, we found that LINC01305 and BNC1 were specifically bound using RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay.…”

“…More studies have shown that BNC1 is closely related to the occurrence of tumors, and BNC1 is upregulated by the transcription factor tumor protein P63 (TP63) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 19 and highly expressed by Gli protein in basal cell carcinoma 20 . Research has shown that transcription factors could not function in the process as protein forms alone, and they usually bind with lncRNAs to control the transcription of target genes 21–24 . But whether BNC1 plays its role in binding to lncRNAs in ESCC is unknown.…”

Glycosyltransferase-related long non-coding RNA signature predicts the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma

“…The circulating tumor DNA, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and microsatellite status have emerged as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC ( 37 – 39 ). As an important epigenetic player in cancer pathogenesis, lncRNA together with N6-methyladenosine (m (6)A) RNA methylation has been shown to predict treatment response and disease prognosis in CRC patients ( 40 , 41 ). Epigenetic modifications have gained much attention in the research on the development of CRC, which is regarded as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker of CRC patients ( 42 , 43 ).…”

The Regulatory Functions and the Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cervical Cancer

“…LncRNAs are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including immune responses, a variety of disorders such as neuronal disorders, and cellular fate programs in cancer stem cells [ 27 ]. The latter plays a vital role in the origin and progression of malignancy and therapy resistance [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The regulatory network of lncRNAs includes EMT, drug resistance, and others via multiple mechanisms.…”

“…The regulatory network of lncRNAs includes EMT, drug resistance, and others via multiple mechanisms. LncRNAs have been shown to act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for specific microRNAs, thus regulating the expression of their downstream target genes [ 28 ]. LncRNAs promote cancer stem cells stemness and drug resistance [ 32 ].…”