Load balanced routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Performance evaluation of a new end-to-end traffic-aware routing in MANETs

“…In this section we describe the two end-to-end techniques, degree of nodal activity proposed in Load-Balanced Ad hoc Routing (LBAR) [16] and traffic density defined in the routing algorithm Load Aware Routing in Ad hoc (LARA) [15].…”

“…The existing end-to-end traffic aware techniques use a metric or cost function to select the route with a minimum load, such techniques are represented by nodal activity [16] and traffic density [15]. The nodal activity metric cost function calculation is based on monitoring the number of active paths passed over nodes.…”

“…A major limitation of existing techniques, such as those proposed in [15,16], arise from the lack of information about the real traffic load experienced by nodes, which indeed affect the performance of the routing protocol and its efforts in distributing the load over nodes. A special characteristic of the new method over existing ones is that it takes more accurate information about traffic transiting a network node; this is computed by using the lengths of packets passed over nodes and the one waiting at the nodes' interface queue.…”

“…A special characteristic of the new method over existing ones is that it takes more accurate information about traffic transiting a network node; this is computed by using the lengths of packets passed over nodes and the one waiting at the nodes' interface queue. The rationale behind using packets sizes in the calculations rather than just using the number of packets as in [15] is that packets can vary in size so it is better to use packets sizes as it can cover all the variations, and give a better indication of message contention. As a result, the new technique can potentially make a better judgment than the existing methods of [15,16] in selecting routes, which improves the overall performance of the network, and distribute the load more fairly over the nodes in the network…”

“…A number of studies [14,15,16,17,18] have recently proposed traffic-aware techniques for distributing the load in reactive routing. These techniques can be classified into two main categories: end-to-end and on-the-spot; based on the way they establish and maintain routes between any source and destination.…”