Load-Balancing Properties of 3D Voronoi Diagrams in Peer-to-Peer Virtual Environments

Almashor, Mahathir; Khalil, Ibrahim

doi:10.1109/icpads.2010.97

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The work contained herein is a significant extension to our earlier efforts in [33]. Whereas our preceding focus was on simply reporting on the natural load-balancing properties seen in 3D-VD, this paper is a natural extension and provides:…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Automatic and Autonomous Load Management in Peer-to-Peer Virtual Environments

Almashor

Khalil

Tari

et al. 2013

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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The very notion of a fully Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Virtual Environment (VE) places exacting demands on its underlying network. Subset applications such as online games are notorious for their sensitivity to latency and high bandwidth demands. By omitting the centralised mechanisms that underpin current commercial implementations, the task of managing a disparate and dynamic peer population is made ever more daunting.For any VE, arbitrating the interactions between players is an inescapable need. Online games are equal parts collaboration and competition, requiring robust conflict resolution mechanisms to govern game-play. With centralised systems, arbitration duties are simply assigned to a provisioned server infrastructure. In a P2P system however, the issue looms large. As such, managing arbitration loads across the peer population is the focus here. Being a game-play arbitrator entails added bandwidth and processing demands. Thus, great care is needed to avoid overloading peers whilst providing a responsive and uninterrupted experience.The work here exploits 3D Voronoi Diagrams (3D-VD) as a scalable, flexible and fault-tolerant P2P overlay that is able to automatically balance arbitration loads amongst peers. Simulation results indicate how 3D-VD, with the right arbitrator-selection policy, can appropriately distribute loads and reduce load fluctuations by up to 90%. This is then augmented with algorithms based on classical Newtonian gravity laws. Doing so provides an autonomous method to detect and respond to high-demand areas within the VE. Further experimentation demonstrates an ability to reduce the instances of failed arbitration attempts by 50%.Index Terms-Peer-to-peer overlays, distributed virtual environments, load management.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Each peer derives its own 3D-VD view of the world around it, decides on its neighbours (NB) and subsequently ranks them in terms of arbitrator suitability. This happens at every tick of the simulation, for all peers [33].…”

Section: Arbitrator Selection For Load-balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic and Autonomous Load Management in Peer-to-Peer Virtual Environments

Almashor

Khalil

Tari

et al. 2013

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

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“…The work contained herein is a significant extension to our earlier efforts in [Almashor and Khalil, 2010b]. Whereas our preceding focus was on simply reporting on the natural load-balancing properties seen in 3D-VD, this paper is a natural extension and provides:…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This happens at every tick of the simulation, for all peers. [Almashor and Khalil, 2010b] scale in the face of any network volatility. By ensuring each peer connects to the right neighbours at a localised, per-node level, we ensure link completeness on a global scale [Hu et al, 2006].…”

Section: Using 3d-vdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully peer-to-peer virtual environments with 3D Voronoi diagrams

Almashor

Khalil

2012

Computing

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My deepest gratitude goes towards the following people:• My primary supervisor, Dr Ibrahim Khalil, who has stood by me and supported me throughout my candidature and whose patience is indeed at the level of saints.• My secondary supervisor, Mr Geoff Leach, for the technical discussions into geometric algorithms, and more importantly, all the advice and support as I began my journey.• Prof Zahir Tari, for his perseverance and continuous support throughout my candidature, and the School of Computer Science and IT, for the scholarships that sustained me during the early years.• My beloved brother, Saifullizan Almashor, and dearest mother, Sarah Abdullah, without whom I would have literally and figuratively not even be here.To all my friends and extended family, the gratitude within me is immense, and its receivers too numerous to mention succinctly. I love you all.

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