Load frequency control in interconnected power system using multi-objective PID controller

Tuning of PID Controller in an Interconnected Power System using Particle Swarm Optimization

“…The mathematical equation for the PID controller is given as Where y (t) is the controller output and u (t) is the error signal. K P , K I and K D are proportional, integral and derivative gains of the controller [4]. The proportional control (K P ) results in decrease of rise time but also results in oscillatory performance.…”

“…In classical methods, such as Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon, PID controller are tuned based on trial-error approaches and, therefore, they are not capable of providing good robust performance. To attain optimal gains for PID controller, Genetic Algorithm (GA) or Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods were used [4]. According to current research it has found that Genetic Algorithm (GA) has some drawbacks such as the parameters being optimized are highly correlated.…”

A novel quasi-oppositional harmony search algorithm for automatic generation control of power system

“…Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used by Ghoshal [13] to optimize fuzzy-logic based proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains in view of AGC study of power system. Also, variants of PSO have been proposed to optimize the controller gain(s) for AGC problem of multi-area power system [14][15][16][17]. The utilization of artificial bee colony algorithm in AGC study of an interconnected power system may be found in [18].…”

“…With the consequences of (6)- (8) and (13), the OLTF for threearea reheat turbine system (Q i (s)) for ith area may be stated by (15):…”

“…4 while area-3 is a hydro-turbine unit [27]. The OLTF for reheat turbine unit may be expressed by (15). The transfer function blocks for electric hydro governor (having transfer functionḠ g (s)) and hydro turbine (having transfer function (Ḡ t (s))) system may be stated by (16) and (17), respectively:…”