Load frequency control of smart isolated power grids with high wind farm penetrations

Golkhandan, Reza Kazemi; Torkaman, Hossein; Aghaebrahimi, M. R.; Keyhani, A.

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0601

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Designing a load frequency controller (LFC) is crucial to achieve a constant and uniform frequency in MGs [4]. There are numerous manuscripts [5][6][7][8] in the field of Load Frequency Control (LFC) of MGs discussing frequency perturbing factors like wind, and solar energy changes. These papers suggest various algorithms to stabilize the system by reducing the impact of uncertainty on system frequency.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm

Abolpour

Javanmardi

Dehghani

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper presents a methodology for frequency regulation in a microgrid involving renewable energy sources (RES) using a dynamic controller, which is an output feedback controller (OFC). The parameters of OFC are tuned by searching the design space of the controller. Since the RES model is not exactly known, the uncertain model is derived and the OFC is considered for it. The goal of controller tuning is to find appropriate parameters of the controller such that the norm of frequency deviations, even in presence of uncertainties in the RES parameters is minimized. An algorithm based on searching the controller design space is suggested to find the suitable controller gains. The algorithm assumes the controller parameters lie in a convex space and searches the space systematically such that an appropriate solution is found. The method is proved mathematically and two theorems are mentioned, accordingly. Finally, a simulated model of a RES is utilized for algorithm evaluation and the results demonstrate the algorithm capability in optimal frequency regulation.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm

Abolpour

Javanmardi

Dehghani

et al. 2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…The signal fed to the PID block is called area control error (ACE). This signal represents an analytical combination between the frequency deviation and the change in line power [6]. Load frequency control problem is analytically represented as an objective function that has to be minimized.…”

Section: Network Paradigm and Mathematical Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aiming to reach this target, the steady-state error of the frequency in addition to the error of tie-line power should be zero [1][2][3][4]. The requirements above must be fulfilled during normal and disturbed conditions where a step load is applied to one of the system areas [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Using Hybrid Algorithm Based Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Optimizers

Sobhy¹,

Abdelrahman²,

Hasanien³

et al. 2021

IET Conf. Proc.

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This study introduces a new hybrid optimization technique into the research field of load frequency control. The new technique is a hybrid technique that combines two metaheuristic-based algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO). This new technique facilitates the selection of the best gain values of the controller used in the power system under study. The controller utilized in this study is the classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. This classical controller is selected in this study to make a reliable comparison with other applied techniques. The study's main goal is to retain the system frequency and tie-line power within permissible limits after applying a load disturbance to one of the system areas. The system under test is built as a three area network with thermal power generation units. The hybrid PSO-GWO (HPSOGWO) algorithm is applied to the system under test. The results obtained are verified by comparing them with other techniques, including the bacterial foraging technique (BFOA) and harmony search technique (HS). The results show that the HPSOGWO algorithm can preserve the frequency and tie-line power within the permissible bounds faster and with better transient specifications than that obtained using the other algorithms under comparison. The three area system is simulated in MATLAB environment for an easier interface.

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“…Load frequency control (LFC) is one of the significant measures to maintain safety and stability of power systems [1]. When power systems suffer from disturbances, LFC can be applied to keeping frequency deviations to zero, and maintaining exchange power of interconnected power systems to reference values [2,3]. With the enhancement of environmental standards, the share of renewable energy and energy storage units has increased dramatically, which reduces energy consumption and improves energy utilisation efficiency [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust load frequency control for networked power system with renewable energy via fractional‐order global sliding mode control

Sun

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Owing to random load changes and transmission time delays in interconnected power systems with renewable energy, the load frequency control scheme has become one of the main methods to keep stability and security of power systems. To relieve communication burden and increase network utilisation, an adaptive event-triggered scheme is explored. Then, a new fractional-order global sliding mode control scheme comprising the fractional-order term in the sliding surface is adopted to improve robustness of load frequency control. The fractional-order term generates a new degree of freedom and more adjustable parameters to improve control performance. Furthermore, the Markov theory is applied in the modelling process to better describe the uncertainty of parameters and external disturbances. The stability and stabilisation criteria for multi-area power systems load frequency control are put forward by employing the improved Lyapunov function and integral inequalities with auxiliary functions. Finally, two simulation examples containing a two-area power system and modified IEEE 39-bus New England test power system with three wind farms are presented to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Load frequency control of smart isolated power grids with high wind farm penetrations

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm

Optimal frequency regulation in an uncertain islanded microgrid: A modified direct search algorithm

Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Power Systems Using Hybrid Algorithm Based Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Optimizers

Robust load frequency control for networked power system with renewable energy via fractional‐order global sliding mode control

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