Load frequency controller design of a two-area system composing of PV grid and thermal generator via firefly algorithm

Elazim, S.M. Abd; Ali, E. S.

doi:10.1007/s00521-016-2668-y

Cited by 201 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Area 2 is a thermal system that consists of a governor, steam turbine, re-heater, and generator. The transfer function of governor Ggo(s) is as follows [32]: For area 1, the equivalent transfer function of the PV system consisting of the PV panel, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), inverter and filter is described by the following equation [32]:…”

Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…megawatt rating of high pressure stage, and T r is the time constant of re-heater. The transfer function of generator G ge (s) is as follows [32]:…”

Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Area 2 is a thermal system that consists of a governor, steam turbine, re-heater, and generator. The transfer function of governor G go (s) is as follows [32]:…”

Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a two-area interconnected power system composed of a PV system(area 1) and a thermal system (area 2) [32]. It should be noted that there are some important nonlinear features in a thermal system such as the dead band (DB) for governor and generation rate constraint (GRC) for steam turbine, but these nonlinear features has never been considered in the recently reported work [32]. In order to make up this defect, this paper introduces these nonlinearities including DB and GRC in a thermal system [44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make up this defect, this paper introduces these nonlinearities including DB and GRC in a thermal system [44,45]. For area 1, the equivalent transfer function of the PV system consisting of the PV panel, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), inverter and filter is described by the following equation [32]: …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Adaptive Model Predictive Load Frequency Control Method for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems with Photovoltaic Generations

2017

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Abstract:As the penetration level of renewable distributed generations such as wind turbine generator and photovoltaic stations increases, the load frequency control issue of a multi-area interconnected power system becomes more challenging. This paper presents an adaptive model predictive load frequency control method for a multi-area interconnected power system with photovoltaic generation by considering some nonlinear features such as a dead band for governor and generation rate constraint for steam turbine. The dynamic characteristic of this system is formulated as a discrete-time state space model firstly. Then, the predictive dynamic model is obtained by introducing an expanded state vector, and rolling optimization of control signal is implemented based on a cost function by minimizing the weighted sum of square predicted errors and square future control values. The simulation results on a typical two-area power system consisting of photovoltaic and thermal generator have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed model predictive control method to these state-of-the-art control techniques such as firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm, and population extremal optimization-based proportional-integral control methods in cases of normal conditions, load disturbance and parameters uncertainty.

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Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…megawatt rating of high pressure stage, and T r is the time constant of re-heater. The transfer function of generator G ge (s) is as follows [32]:…”

Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Area 2 is a thermal system that consists of a governor, steam turbine, re-heater, and generator. The transfer function of governor G go (s) is as follows [32]:…”

Section: Small-signal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%