Load sharing characteristic of two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with parallel and series input structure

Kim, Bong-Chul; Park, Ki-Bum; Kim, Chong-Eun; Moon, Gun-Woo

doi:10.1109/ecce.2009.5316053

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Additionally, at high current applications, the major power loss component is the transformer, which has eddy current loss (AC loss) and winding losses of copper resistance (DC loss), and splitting the circuit transformer current reduces the losses of AC and DC. Using the interleaving technique reduces the current ripples [17]. During the past decade, much research has been conducted on a wide variety of DC-DC converters for various applications such as electric vehicles, photovoltaics, and fuel cell applications [5,6].…”

Section: Ac-dc Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Narasipuram

Mopidevi

2023

Energies

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The conventional resonant inductor–inductor–capacitor (L2C) DC–DC converters have the major drawbacks of poor regulation, improper current sharing, load current ripples, conduction losses, and limiting the power levels to operate at higher loads for electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. To address the issues of the L2C converter, this paper proposes an interleaved inductor–inductor–capacitor (iL2C) full-bridge (FB) DC–DC converter as an EV charger with wide input voltage conditions. It comprises two L2C converters operating in parallel on the primary side with 8-GaN switches and maintains the single rectifier circuit on the secondary side as common. Further, it introduces the hybrid control strategy called variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM) technique for iL2C with a constant voltage charging mode operation. The design requirements, modeling, dynamic responses, and operation of an iL2C converter with a controller are discussed. The analysis of the proposed concept designed and simulated with an input voltage of 400 Vin at a load voltage of 48 V0 presented at different load conditions, i.e., full load (3.3 kW), half load (1.65 kW), and light load (330 W). The dynamic performances of the converter during line and load regulations are presented at assorted input voltages. In addition, to analyze the controller and converter performance, the concept was validated experimentally for wide input voltage applications of 300–500 Vin with a desired output of 48 V0 at full load condition, i.e., 3.3 kW and the practical efficiency of the iL2C converter was 98.2% at full load.

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Section: Ac-dc Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

Narasipuram

Mopidevi

2023

Energies

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“…The resonant parameters of inductance L r1 , capacitance C r1 , impedance Z 01 , and magnetizing inductance L m1 with equivalent resistance R ac1 as well mentioned in following Equations (13)(14)(15)(16)(17),…”

Section: Modeling and Operation Of Il C Converter Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To double the load capacity, this converter uses two L 2 C converters in parallel, and the power losses in the transformer will reduces at high current applications. Over the years, many control methods are proposed to improve soft switching, tight regulation, and reduce the circulating current 16–18 . All these control methods can be utilized at various converter operating regions like f s < f r , f s = f r , and f s > f r which it effects the regulation 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, many control methods are proposed to improve soft switching, tight regulation, and reduce the circulating current. [16][17][18] All these control methods can be utilized at various converter operating regions like f s < f r , f s = f r , and f s > f r which it effects the regulation. 19,20 This article also, proposes a hybrid control strategy which it operates at predefined current value in ZCS or ZVS operating region, the entire strategy named it as variable frequency + phase shift modulation scheme (VFPSM).…”

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confidence: 99%

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An industrial design of 400 V – 48 V, 98.2% peak efficient charger usingE‐mode GaNtechnology with wide operating ranges for xEV applications

Narasipuram,

Mopidevi

2023

Int J Numerical Modelling

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This paper offers a wide‐operating range electric vehicle charger design by employing an interleaved inductor–inductor–capacitor iL2C DC–DC converter. It uses two parallel L2C converters with 8‐GaN switches on the primary side and a shared rectifier circuit on the secondary side, which it also enhances the circulating current, conduction losses, and current sharing. For iL2C converter, a constant voltage charging mode of operation is designed, also it proposes a hybrid control scheme of variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM). The entire concept is designed, simulated, and validated with a rated input voltage and load voltage of three different load conditions with converter line and load regulations are analyzed. To evaluate controller and converter performance, the idea is proven experimentally for variable load condition of full load, half load, light load with a rated input and output voltage of 400 Vin–48 V0. In addition, line regulation is also performed and validated for wide input voltage application of 300 Vin–500 Vin with an output voltage of 48 V0 at full load and peak efficiency of 98.2% is determined. Further, to provide the system effectiveness converter efficiencies are presented at various load operations from 3.3 kW to 330 W.

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“…The passive current-sharing method utilizes the characteristics of passive components (inductors and capacitors) or alters the circuit structure to balance the current across various modules [2][3][4][5]. However, it poses challenges in achieving free expansion for multiple phases and implementing interleaved parallel control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A partial energy current‐sharing method for interleaved LLC converter with phase shift current balance module

Chen,

Ren,

Yao

2024

Electronics Letters

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A partial energy current‐sharing method for an interleaved LLC resonant converter with a phase shift current balance module (CBM) is presented in this paper. The current sharing is achieved by controlling the phase shift angle of the bridge in the CBM. The proposed method maintains excellent soft‐switching performance, minimizes power losses, and ensures high overall efficiency as only partial energy is processed. This method simplifies current sharing in the resonant converter by using phase shift control, making it easy to implement and extend to multiple phases. A 500‐kHz two‐phase interleaved LLC prototype was built to validate the effectiveness of this method in achieving current balancing.

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Load sharing characteristic of two-phase interleaved LLC resonant converter with parallel and series input structure

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL2C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems

An industrial design of 400 V – 48 V, 98.2% peak efficient charger usingE‐mode GaNtechnology with wide operating ranges for xEV applications

A partial energy current‐sharing method for interleaved LLC converter with phase shift current balance module

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