Loadings of lycopene in emulsion and sodium alginate–K‐carrageenan composite systems: Preparation, characterization, bioaccessibility, and kinetics

Abstract

This research aims to prepare capsules emulsion using gallic acid (GA), dextran (DEX), bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium alginate, and K‐carrageenan (K‐Car) as the biological delivery system of lycopene. The stability and bioaccessibility of lycopene were further improved through encapsulation of covalent complex of sodium alginate and K‐Car. The molecular weight distribution and secondary structure of the conjugates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The storage stability of the emulsion stabilized by conjugates was measured with Turbiscan stability index (TSI) and fluctuation of the particle size. The TSI value of ternary conjugates was 18.7 (37℃) with particle sizes ranging from 208 to 319 nm. Then, the changes of three‐dimensional reticulate structures and physical properties of sodium alginate‐K were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TPA. The thermal stability of the sodium alginate–K‐Car composite systems was increased compared with sodium alginate. The bioaccessibility of lycopene was significantly improved under the dual embedding of BSA–DEX–GA conjugate emulsion and sodium alginate–K‐Car composite systems.