“…Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activities were considered as separate practices with no linkage whatsoever (Ahammad, Tarba, Frynas, & Scola, ; Anastasiadis, ; Frynas, Child, & Tarba, ; Mellahi, Frynas, Sun, & Siegel, ). However, a new stream of non‐market research suggests that the interaction between corporate social responsibility and corporate political activities leads to better economic performance because of their complementary nature (Anastasiadis, Moon, & Humphreys, ; Boddewyn & Buckley, ; den Hond, Rehbein, de Bakker, & Lankveld, ; Fooks, Gilmore, Collin, Holden, & Lee, ; Liedong, Rajwani, & Mellahi, ; Rodrigo, Duran, & Arenas, ; Singer, ). Frynas et al () who articulate the need for an integration of corporate social responsibility and corporate political activities in non‐market studies state that “the lack of integration of the political and social domains of non‐market strategy research manifests itself inter alia in the failure to understand the substitution effects between company political and social strategies” (p. 560).…”