Local Access to Mental Healthcare and Crime

Deza, Monica; Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Solomon, Keisha T.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3665890

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We follow Deza et al. (2022) and scale the coefficient estimates, thus reporting the effect of 10 additional offices of physicians and non‐physicians specializing in mental healthcare in the county. The average county‐level year‐to‐year increase in the number of offices over our time period is 9.9, leading us to follow Deza et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Deza et al. (2022), we use the NAICS codes 621112 13 to identify the number of offices of physicians specializing in mental healthcare (e.g., psychiatrists), and 621330 14 for offices of non‐physicians specializing in mental healthcare (e.g., psychologists, psychoanalysts, and social workers) to proxy local access to these modalities.…”

Section: Data and Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2019) document that 70% of juveniles receive depression treatment within 15 miles of their home. Further, previous economic studies investigating the effect of access to mental healthcare use the county to define the healthcare market (Bondurant et al., 2018; Deza et al., 2022; Swensen, 2015; Wen et al., 2017). 21…”

Section: Data and Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landersø and Fallesen (2021) show short‐run declines in crime following a psychiatric hospitalization. Three recent studies demonstrate that expanding access to mental healthcare treatment, measured by the number of providers within the local healthcare market, reduces overall crime (Bondurant et al., 2018; Deza et al., 2022; Wen et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Office‐based mental healthcare and juvenile arrests

Deza

Maclean

2022

Health Economics

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Criminal behaviors are common among juveniles with the prevalence of committing criminal activities peaking during adolescence. Among industrialized countries, the United States, the focus of our study, is the leader in terms of the juvenile incarceration rate (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2013) with over 70,000 juveniles in custody on a given day and an average direct annual cost of $112,000 per juvenile (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2011; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2011). 1 In 2019, juveniles accounted for 7.1%, 9.8%, and 11.2% of total, violent, and property arrests in the U.S. (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2020). 2 For the juvenile, being convicted of a crime and associated penalties impedes education, health, and social development, and later earnings. Further, society loses future productivity, tax revenues, and so forth from the incarceration of juveniles. Collectively, these costs are estimated to be $9.8B-$26.7B per year (Justice Policy Institute, 2014). 3 Mental health disorders (MHDs) are the most costly health condition among juveniles, accounting for $16.7B in 2021 with nearly half of this treatment financed by Medicaid (a public insurance program for the poor in the U.S. [Soni, 2018]). 4 The most common MHDs among juveniles are anxiety, depression, and conduct disorder (Ghandour et al., 2019), with prevalence rates of 6.1%, 10.5%, and 7.5% among 12-17 year olds in 2018. Alarmingly, while these conditions can be mitigated with early diagnosis and treatment (Satcher, 2001), juvenile MHDs are increasing over time (e.g., the juvenile suicide rate has increased each year since 2010 [Ruch et al., 2019]). The age profile of criminal trajectories mirrors development of MHDs closely, as adolescence

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data and Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Office‐based mental healthcare and juvenile arrests

Deza

Maclean

2022

Health Economics

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“…Increases in the number of open mental healthcare offices has been found to correlate with reductions in unhealthy behavior. These findings suggest an unintended benefit from expanding the office-based mental healthcare workforce on reductions in crime (Deza et al, 2020).…”

Section: Healthy Practice and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

An Exploratory Study of Environmental Stress in Four High Violent Crime Cities: What Sets Them Apart?

Smith

Ferguson

Henderson

2021

Crime & Delinquency

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Understanding the social contexts of violent crime remains controversial in the literature. In the current study, we examine common social contexts in four cities (Houston, TX, Baltimore, MD, Jackson, MS, Wilmington, DE). Data were examined in two studies. In the first, each city was compared to national county-level data on health outcomes. In the second, communities within the four cities were examined for correlates of crime. Results suggest that some common social contexts emerge: high STD rates, air pollution, single-parent homes, insufficient food resources and sleep, residential segregation, housing cost burdens, comparatively few older adults and comparatively more females, were common among the four high-violence cities. By contrast, all four cities unexpectedly had uncommonly low suicide rates compared to the national average. At the community level, unemployment, community stress, median household income, and population density all correlated with criminal outcomes. High-violence cities tended to have higher proportions of Black residents, however community level evaluations suggested that class-related issues, not race per se, was correlated with violent crime.

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Medicaid reimbursement rates for primary care services and behavioral health outcomes

2023

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We study the effects of changing Medicaid reimbursement rates for primary care services on behavioral health outcomes—defined here as mental illness and substance use disorders. Medicaid enrollees are at elevated risk for these, and other, chronic conditions and are likely to have unmet treatment needs. We apply two‐way fixed‐effects regressions to survey data specifically designed to measure behavioral health outcomes over the period 2010–2016. We find that higher primary care reimbursement rates reduce mental illness and substance use disorders among non‐elderly adult Medicaid enrollees, although we interpret findings for substance use disorders with some caution as they may be vulnerable to differential pre‐trends. Overall, our findings suggest positive spillovers from a policy designed to target primary care services to behavioral health outcomes.

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Local Access to Mental Healthcare and Crime

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Office‐based mental healthcare and juvenile arrests

Office‐based mental healthcare and juvenile arrests

An Exploratory Study of Environmental Stress in Four High Violent Crime Cities: What Sets Them Apart?

Medicaid reimbursement rates for primary care services and behavioral health outcomes

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