Local Actions to Tackle a Global Problem: A Multidimensional Assessment of the Pollination Crisis in Chile

Vieli, Lorena; Murúa, Maureen; Flores‐Prado, Luis; Carvallo, Gastón O.; Valdivia, Carlos E.; Muschett, Giselle; López-Aliste, Manuel; Andía, Constanza; Jofré-Pérez, Christian; Fontúrbel, Francisco E.

doi:10.3390/d13110571

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…In the study area, the megadrought has implied a 55 to 75% of precipitation deficit [ 43 ]. A worldwide decline in pollinators [ 44 ] has also critically impacted the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of Chile [ 45 ]. Pollen availability may affect both seed quality and germination [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recruitment of the Recalcitrant-Seeded Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser, Established via Direct Seeding Is Mainly Affected by the Seed Source and Forest Cover

Diaz

Saavedra

Meza

et al. 2022

Plants

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Natural regeneration of recalcitrant-seeded tree species is strongly limited in Mediterranean-type climate zones due to increasing droughts imposed by climate change. Direct seeding can be a low-cost alternative to seedling establishment, but there is still limited information for some species. This study aimed to assess the effects of the seed source and forest cover on the germination and survival of the endemic Cryptocarya alba Mol. established through direct seeding. Three habitat types differing in forest cover were identified within the natural park Reserva Natural Altos de Cantillana, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The forest cover corresponded to open (canopy density <25%), semi-dense (canopy density around 50%), and dense forest (canopy density >75%). All forest cover had C. alba as one of the dominant species. At each habitat type, 38 families from four seed sources (Cuesta La Dormida (CD), Antumapu (AN), Cantillana (CA, local seed source) and Cayumanque (CY)) were directly seeded. Germination (Germin) and survival (Surv) were evaluated weekly during one growing season. There were significant differences between seed sources in Germin and Surv, with means values varying from 7.8% to 37% for Germin and 0% to 20% for Surv. The local seed source CA had the highest values in both traits. A significant variation was also observed between families within seed sources only for Germin. The dense forest cover had the highest Germin (22%) and Surv (55%) results compared to the other forest cover types, which was partially associated with differences in soil moisture, temperature, and bulk density. Due to the most frequent droughts in these Mediterranean-type climate zones, the use of local seeds on dense forest cover is recommended for the direct seeding of the species in the initial recruitment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recruitment of the Recalcitrant-Seeded Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser, Established via Direct Seeding Is Mainly Affected by the Seed Source and Forest Cover

Diaz

Saavedra

Meza

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…A worldwide decline of pollinators (Rodger et al, 2021) has critically impacted the Mediterranean-type ecosystem of Chile (Vieli et al, 2021). The differences in precipitation, altitude, and temperature across provenances, might have also caused the variations in germination capacity.…”

Section: Provenance Differences In Germination Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance influences seed germination and phenotypic responses to water restriction in the endemic Beilschmiedia miersii (Gay) Kosterm

Diaz¹,

Poch²,

Espinoza³

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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The higher drought intensity recorded in the last decades in the Mediterranean zone of Chile increased the level of threats of the endemic Beilschmiedia miersii (Gay) Kosterm and has raised concern about its capacity to face drought. In this study, we assessed the effect of seed provenance and mother tree on seed germination traits, seedling growth, biomass allocation, presence of cotyledons, and survival responses of B. miersii cultivated under two water treatments (well-watered versus water stress. Average pre-dawn plant water potentials of −0.9 and −4.5 MPa, respectively). The germination stage of this trial showed significant differences in germination capacity, germination energy, and the maximum value of Czabator. Provenances from the southern range of the species, with higher precipitation (Cantillana and El Arbol) had a better germination performance, however, once germinated, the ability of the seedlings to survive in the nursery was high only in two of the five provenances under study. The coastal and interior provenances with lower precipitations (El Pobre, Longotoma, and Antumapu) were not able to survive to the seedling stage (<5% survival). Seedling growth and survival varied significantly between the two remaining provenances and the two watering treatments. The provenance El Arbol, exhibited a higher survival, growth, presence of cotyledons, and biomass traits. This provenance also exhibited a higher presence of cotyledons in both watering treatments and an unaltered root to shoot ratio between the well-watered and the water stress treatments. Our results suggests that there is important phenotypic variation for seed germination and seedling survival associated to the provenance origin, emphasizing the importance of a nursery-evaluation phase before the beginning of restoration projects at the landscape level.

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“…As in the rest of the world (Potts et al, 2016), wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Chile are a conservation concern due to their irreplaceable roles within ecosystems (Henríquez‐Piskulich et al, 2021; Vieli et al, 2021). The health, survival, and associated ecosystem services of native bee assemblages are increasingly jeopardized through the decline of their floral hosts, and loss of suitable nesting resources as habitats become fragmented due to major shifts in land use (Potts et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilean bee diversity: Contrasting patterns of species and phylogenetic turnover along a large‐scale ecological gradient

et al. 2023

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Chile's isolation and varied climates have driven the evolution of a unique biodiversity with a high degree of endemism. As a result, Chile encompasses diverse environments, including the Mediterranean‐type ecosystem, a global biodiversity hotspot. These environments are currently threatened by anthropogenic land use change impacting the integrity of local biomes and associated species. This area is the most intensively sampled in the country with high endemicity of native bee species. Characterizing habitat requirements of bees is a pressing priority to safeguard these insects and the ecosystem services they provide. We investigated broadscale patterns of bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) diversity using newly accessible expert‐validated datasets comprising digitized specimen records from Chilean and US collections, and novel expert‐validated‐type specimen data for the bees of Chile. We used a generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) approach to explore both compositional and phylogenetic β‐diversity patterns across latitudinal, altitudinal, climate, and habitat gradients in well‐sampled bee assemblages in Central Chile. Using the GDM measures of increasing compositional and environmental dissimilarity, we categorized and compared the most important drivers of these patterns and used them to classify “wild bee ecoregions” (WBEs) representing unique assemblages. Turnover of bee assemblages was explained primarily by latitudinal variation (proxy for climate) from south to north in Chile. However, temperature variations, precipitation, and the presence of bare soil also significantly explained turnover in bee assemblages. In comparison, we observed less turnover in phylogenetic biodiversity corresponding to spatial gradients. We identified six de novo ecoregions (WBEs), all with distinct taxa, endemic lineages, and representative species. The WBEs represent distinct spatial classifications but have similarities to existing biogeographical classifications, ecosystems, and bioclimatic zones. This approach establishes the baseline needed to prioritize bee species conservation efforts across this global biodiversity hotspot. We discuss the novelty of this classification considering previous biogeographical characterizations and their relevance in assessing conservation priorities for bee conservation. We argue that Chile's WBEs highlight areas in need of funding for bee species surveys and description, distribution mapping, and strengthening of conservation policies.

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Local Actions to Tackle a Global Problem: A Multidimensional Assessment of the Pollination Crisis in Chile

Cited by 17 publications

References 118 publications

The Recruitment of the Recalcitrant-Seeded Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser, Established via Direct Seeding Is Mainly Affected by the Seed Source and Forest Cover

The Recruitment of the Recalcitrant-Seeded Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Looser, Established via Direct Seeding Is Mainly Affected by the Seed Source and Forest Cover

Provenance influences seed germination and phenotypic responses to water restriction in the endemic Beilschmiedia miersii (Gay) Kosterm

Chilean bee diversity: Contrasting patterns of species and phylogenetic turnover along a large‐scale ecological gradient

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