Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

KALTZ, OLIVER; Shykoff, Jacqui A.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6884350

Cited by 209 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Franceschi et al (2010) tested local adaptation in the same system using different populations of the acanthocephalan and its coevolved gammarid host. In accordance with other studies on local adaptation in host parasite-interactions (reviewed by Kaltz and Shykoff, 1998;Kawecki and Ebert, 2004;Greischar and Koskella, 2007;Hoeksema and Forde, 2008), they found a tendency for higher infection success in local vs foreign parasites (Franceschi et al 2010). However, Franceschi et al (2010) did not observe any local adaptation with regard to host manipulation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Differences between populations in host manipulation by the tapewormSchistocephalus solidus– is there local adaptation?

Hafer

2017

Parasitology

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Host manipulation whereby a parasite increases its transmission to a subsequent host by altering the behaviour of its current host is very far spread. It also occurs in host-parasite systems that are widely distributed. This offers the potential for local adaptation. The tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus modifies its first intermediate copepod host's predation susceptibility to suit its own needs by reducing its activity before it becomes infective and increasing it thereafter. To investigate potential differences in host manipulation between different populations and test for potential local adaptation with regard to host manipulation, I experimentally infected hosts from two distinct populations with parasites from either population in a fully crossed design. Host manipulation differed between populations mostly once the parasite had reached infectivity. These differences in infective parasites were mostly due to differences between different parasite populations.In not yet infective parasites, however, host population also had a significant effect on host manipulation. There was no evidence of local adaptation; parasites were able to manipulate foreign and local hosts equally well. Likewise, hosts were equally poor at resisting host manipulation by local and foreign parasites.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…One of the prime situations for such local adaptation to occur are host-parasite interactions; one of the coevolving antagonists, often the parasite, performs better with its local compared with a foreign antagonist (reviewed by Kaltz and Shykoff, 1998;Kawecki and Ebert, 2004;Greischar and Koskella, 2007;Hoeksema and Forde, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between populations in host manipulation by the tapewormSchistocephalus solidus– is there local adaptation?

Hafer

2017

Parasitology

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“…If genotypes do differ in their resistance to a particular parasite, then it would be expected that a parasite that is adapted to exploit one genotype of host might be less successful at exploiting other host genotypes, with their different resistance attributes. This is a fundamental feature of most models of host-parasite dynamics and has been demonstrated in many empirical studies (Kaltz and Shykoff 1998;Lively and Dybdahl 2000;Schmid-Hempel and Ebert 2003). In bumblebees it has been found that transmission of the parasite Crithidia bombi is greater between related host individuals than unrelated ones (Shykoff and Schmid-Hempel 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Disease Resistance in Leaf-Cutting Ant Societies

Hughes

Boomsma

2004

Evol

112

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Abstract.•Multiple mating by females (polyandry) remains hard to explain because, while it has substantial costs, clear benefits have remained elusive. The problem is acute in the social insects because polyandry is probably particularly costly for females and most material benefits of the behavior are unlikely to apply. It has been suggested that a fitness benefit may arise from the more genetically diverse worker force that a polyandrous queen will produce. One leading hypothesis is that the increased genetic diversity of workers will improve a colony's resistance to disease. We investigated this hypothesis using a polyandrous leaf-cutting ant and a virulent fungal parasite as our model system. At high doses of the parasite most patrilines within colonies were similarly susceptible, but a few showed greater resistance. At a low dose of the parasite there was more variation between patrilines in their resistance to the parasite. Such genetic variation is a key prerequisite for polyandry to result in increased disease resistance of colonies. The relatedness of two hosts did not appear to affect the transmission of the parasite between them, but this was most likely because the parasite tested was a virulent generalist that is adapted to transmit between distantly related hosts. The resistance to the parasite was compared between small groups of ants of either high or low genetic diversity. No difference was found at high doses of the parasite, but a significant improvement in resistance in high genetic diversity groups was found at a low dose of the parasite. That there is genetic variation for disease resistance means that there is the potential for polyandry to produce more disease-resistant colonies. That this genetic variation can improve the resistance of groups even under the limited conditions tested suggests that polyandry may indeed produce colonies with improved resistance to disease.

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“…Maintenance of variation for parasitic host range When parasite populations have high evolutionary potential, parasitic virulence or migration rates, they are expected to become adapted to their sympatric hosts (Kaltz and Shykoff, 1998;Gandon and Michalakis, 2002). Some parasitic species show evidence of such adaptation (for example, Parker, 1985;Lively, 1989;Ebert, 1994), while in other cases, this has not been apparent (Morand et al, 1996;Mutikainen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent to which populations of parasites are adapted to populations of their host species is thought to depend on the evolutionary potential (population size and generation time) of parasite and host populations and their respective among-population migration rates (Kaltz and Shykoff, 1998;Gandon, 2002). Higher evolutionary potential or migration rate in the parasite species (relative to the host) should lead to adaptation to their local sympatric hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation for host range within and among populations of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica

et al. 2011

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Striga hermonthica is an angiosperm parasite that causes substantial damage to a wide variety of cereal crop species, and to the livelihoods of subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. The broad host range of this parasite makes it a fascinating model for the study of host-parasite interactions, and suggests that effective long-term control strategies for the parasite will require an understanding of the potential for host range adaptation in parasite populations. We used a controlled experiment to test the extent to which the success or failure of S. hermonthica parasites to develop on a particular host cultivar (host resistance/compatibility) depends upon the identity of interacting host genotypes and parasite populations. We also tested the hypothesis that there is a genetic component to host range within individual S. hermonthica populations, using three rice cultivars with known, contrasting abilities to resist infection. The developmental success of S. hermonthica parasites growing on different rice-host cultivars (genotypes) depended significantly on a parasite population by host-genotype interaction. Genetic analysis using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed that a small subset of AFLP markers showed 'outlier' genetic differentiation among sub-populations of S. hermonthica attached to different host cultivars. We suggest that, this indicates a genetic component to host range within populations of S. hermonthica, and that a detailed understanding of the genomic loci involved will be crucial in understanding hostparasite specificity and in breeding crop cultivars with broad spectrum resistance to S. hermonthica.

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Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Cited by 209 publications

References 49 publications

Differences between populations in host manipulation by the tapewormSchistocephalus solidus– is there local adaptation?

Differences between populations in host manipulation by the tapewormSchistocephalus solidus– is there local adaptation?

Genetic Diversity and Disease Resistance in Leaf-Cutting Ant Societies

Variation for host range within and among populations of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica

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