Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators

Walsh, Matthew; Castoe, Todd A.; Holmes, Julian; Packer, M. J.; Biles, Kelsey; Walsh, Melissa; Munch, Stephan B.; Post, David M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2271

Cited by 73 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…; Walsh et al. ). The extent to which parental effects on offspring reproduction are adaptive depends on the degree to which parent environments are reflective of offspring environments (match or mismatch; Sheriff and Love ; Burgess and Marshall ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐induced maternal and paternal effects independently alter sexual selection

Lehto

Tinghitella

2020

Evolution

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Parental experience alters survival‐related phenotypes of offspring in both adaptive and nonadaptive ways, yielding rapid inter‐ and transgenerational fitness effects. Yet, fitness comprises survival and reproduction, and parental effects on mating decisions could alter the strength and direction of sexual selection, affecting long‐term evolutionary trajectories. We used a full factorial design in which threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) mothers, fathers, both, or neither were exposed to a model predator at developmentally appropriate times to test for predator‐induced maternal, paternal, and joint parental effects on daughters’ mating behavior. We tested the responsiveness, preferences, and mate choices of adult daughters in no‐choice trials with wild‐caught males who had varied sexual signals. Maternal and paternal predator exposure independently yielded daughters who preferred males who were intermediate in conspicuousness (with duller nuptial coloration and who courted less vigorously), relaxing the typical preference for the most conspicuous males. The combined effects of maternal and paternal predator exposure were not cumulative; when both parents were predator exposed, single‐parent effects on mate preferences were reversed. Thus, we cannot assume that maternal and paternal effects additively combine to produce “parental” effects. Further, joint parental predator exposure yielded daughters who were three times less likely to mate at all. Stress‐induced intergenerational parental effects on reproductive decisions such as those observed here may potentiate rapid transgenerational responses to novel and changing mating environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐induced maternal and paternal effects independently alter sexual selection

Lehto

Tinghitella

2020

Evolution

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“…Variation in offspring phenotypes is often a function of maternal environment and/or condition (Mousseau & Fox, ). Many studies have observed maternal effects in response to environmental stimuli such as predation (Walsh et al, ; Walsh, Cooley, Biles, & Munch, ), food availability (LaMontagne & McCauley, ; Lynch & Ennis, ; Saastamoinen, Hirai, & van Nouhuys, ) and temperature (Burgess & Marshall, ; Walsh, Whittington, & Funkhouser, ). These effects may persist into the grand‐offspring generation and beyond (Hafer, Ebil, Uller, & Pike, ; Prizak, Ezard, & Hoyle, ; Walsh et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

et al. 2018

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Maternal age has important consequences for offspring fitness, with influences on size, development and reproductive schedules. Such maternal age effects may be driven by differential provisioning of resources; yet, little is known about the role of environmental supply of nutritional resources in mediating such effects. We tested the influence of limiting nutritional resource, dietary phosphorus (P), on maternal age effects across multiple generations by examining the potential interactive effects of maternal nutrition and age on daughter and granddaughter life‐history traits in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulicaria. Maternal age and diet had significant but contrasting effects on offspring life history. We did not observe any evidence that age effects on offspring life history are mediated by maternal diet. However, granddaughter growth and size at maturation were influenced by the interaction between grandmaternal age and diet, suggesting that the appearance of transgenerational effects of age and diet were delayed by one generation. Because offspring life history is often linked directly and/or indirectly to life history variation in previous generations, we utilized structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess such direct or indirect relationships. SEM revealed striking differences in the relationship between growth, development time and fecundity both within and among generations, depending on the age and diet in the F0 generation. Interestingly, direct and persistent relationships between the F0 generation and the F2 generation are most prevalent when grandmothers are old and fed low P diets, and such relationships are largely driven by fecundity in the F0 generation. Additionally, indirect causal relationships between the F0 generation and F2 generation are most pronounced when grandmothers are young and fed low P diets or when grandmothers are old and fed high P diets. Our results indicate that transgenerational effects of maternal age and environment persist across multiple generations, and vary between successive generations. Further, our examination of the interaction network between life‐history traits of each generation suggest that the mechanisms for such persistent transgenerational effects are highly dependent on maternal condition. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13258/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…More broadly, genetic differences in the expression of within-versus transgenerational plasticity may derive from differences among source populations in historical exposure to particular regimes of environmental change [80]. Recent theory predicts that adaptive within-generation responses will evolve when there is high temporal environmental variability, whereas adaptive transgenerational plasticity is likely to evolve when environments are stable over generations such that parents and offspring experience similar conditions [81,82] (for an empirical example, see [10]). …”

Section: (B) Genetic Variation For Methylation-mediated Transgeneratimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, stressed parents produce offspring with specific developmental alterations that mitigate that particular type of stress. When these offspring encounter similar conditions, such alterations result in heritable, environmentally induced adaptation [5][6][7][8][9][10]. As with other aspects of phenotypic plasticity [11,12], genotypes from natural populations differ in the precise pattern and degree of these inherited environmental effects [8,13 -15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation mediates genetic variation for adaptive transgenerational plasticity

2016

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Environmental stresses experienced by individual parents can influence offspring phenotypes in ways that enhance survival under similar conditions. Although such adaptive transgenerational plasticity is well documented, its transmission mechanisms are generally unknown. One possible mechanism is environmentally induced DNA methylation changes. We tested this hypothesis in the annual plant Polygonum persicaria, a species known to express adaptive transgenerational plasticity in response to parental drought stress. Replicate plants of 12 genetic lines (sampled from natural populations) were grown in dry versus moist soil. Their offspring were exposed to the demethylating agent zebularine or to control conditions during germination and then grown in dry soil. Under control germination conditions, the offspring of drought-stressed parents grew longer root systems and attained greater biomass compared with offspring of well-watered parents of the same genetic lines. Demethylation removed these adaptive developmental effects of parental drought, but did not significantly alter phenotypic expression in offspring of well-watered parents. The effect of demethylation on the expression of the parental drought effect varied among genetic lines. Differential seed provisioning did not contribute to the effect of parental drought on offspring phenotypes. These results demonstrate that DNA methylation can mediate adaptive, genotype-specific effects of parental stress on offspring phenotypes.

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Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators

Cited by 73 publications

References 52 publications

Predator‐induced maternal and paternal effects independently alter sexual selection

Predator‐induced maternal and paternal effects independently alter sexual selection

Maternal diet and age alter direct and indirect relationships between life‐history traits across multiple generations

DNA methylation mediates genetic variation for adaptive transgenerational plasticity

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