“…Barnacle recruitment was determined using 10 × 10 cm PVC plates covered with Saf-T-Walk (3M, Maplewood, MN), a rubbery rugose tape used as an anti-slip surface on boats. Such collectors have been widely used (e.g., Broitman et al, 2008;Dudas et al, 2009;Farrell et al, 1991;Menge, 1992;Menge & Menge, 2013Menge et al, 1999Menge et al, , 2003Menge et al, , 2010Menge et al, , 2011Menge et al, , 2015Navarrete et al, 2005Navarrete et al, , 2008Pfaff et al, 2011Pfaff et al, , 2015 and provide an index of barnacle recruitment. Mussel recruitment was similarly determined using plastic mesh balls (Tuffies), also in wide use (references in previous sentence).…”