Local and Regional Anesthesia in Food Animals

Rush, Jessica; Stockler, Jenna

doi:10.1002/9781119672661.ch8

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In our case, a total volume of 0.7 mL/kg of lidocaine 2% was utilised, meaning that a dose of 14.2 mg/kg was administered locally. This dose exceeded the maximum safe dose reported in the literature, which ranged between 3, 28 6 23 and 10 mg/kg 30,32 in cattle, but the overall amount (60 mL) was still within the manufacturer's recommended dose for local infiltration (60–100 mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Most of the studies were conducted on small ruminants, which are considered more sensitive to the action of local anaesthetics. 32 Although, this belief is a probable feature of their size, and they were simply overdosed. 33 In newborn sheep, seizures were induced at 18.4 mg/kg of IV lidocaine (mean plasma concentration: 16.6 ± 1.2 μg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, no specific study evaluating the toxic dose of lidocaine has been performed in calves. Most of the studies were conducted on small ruminants, which are considered more sensitive to the action of local anaesthetics 32 . Although, this belief is a probable feature of their size, and they were simply overdosed 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of subcostal and lateral transverse abdominal plane blocks as part of multimodal analgesia in a calf undergoing omphalitis surgical correction

Martin Bellido,

Levionnois,

Plüss

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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This report describes the combined use of the ultrasound‐guided subcostal and lateral transversus abdominis blocks as part of the multimodal analgesia in a 3‐month‐old calf, presented for omphalitis surgical repair. It was premedicated with xylazine, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and maintained by isoflurane in oxygen. The block was performed with lidocaine 2%, and flunixin meglumine was administered pre‐ and postoperatively. Postoperative pain was scored, and rescue analgesia was not required intra‐ and postoperatively. Pain assessment and multimodal analgesia are crucial in food‐producing animals. Employing bilateral ultrasound‐guided lateral and subcostal transversus abdominis plane block can prove advantageous as part of the multimodal analgesia protocol for calves undergoing umbilical surgeries. Furthermore, it is essential to delv into the discussion of lidocaine's toxic dosage when applied in locoregional techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of subcostal and lateral transverse abdominal plane blocks as part of multimodal analgesia in a calf undergoing omphalitis surgical correction

Martin Bellido,

Levionnois,

Plüss

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…16 Epidural anesthesia administration prior to vaginal palpation in small ruminants is likely to decrease the likelihood of uterine, cervical, or vaginal tears occurring by reducing straining by the dam. [17][18][19] Successful resolution of dystocia and delivery of the fetus(es) occur frequently on farm settings. Cases not easily resolved on farm require further interventions such as fetotomy, Cesarean Section (C-section), or euthanasia.…”

Section: Dystociamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sacrococcygeal or lumbosacral epidural anesthesia is advantageous as it can induce recumbency while providing anesthesia to the paralumbar fossa or abdominal midline. 19 The proximal paravertebral, distal paravertebral, line block, or inverted L block can also be used for anesthetizing the paralumbar fossa. A line block is the most appropriate technique for the ventral midline celiotomy approach of performing a C-section.…”

Section: Anesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of small ruminant Cesarean section: case selection, surgical techniques, care of the neonates, and postoperative care of the dam

Cowley

Stockler

Maxwell

2023

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Cesarean section is an important life-saving surgical procedure frequently performed by small ruminant practitioners. Knowledge of normal parturition and indications for obstetrical intervention are necessary for successful outcomes. If a doe or ewe is observed in active labor for more than an hour without signs of progression toward delivery of a fetus, obstetrical examination is indicated to guide appropriate interventions. It is often possible to relieve a dystocia without surgical intervention if the cervix is adequately dilated and the dam’s pelvis is of sufficient size to allow manipulation of the fetus. If vaginal delivery cannot be performed safely, a Cesarean section or fetotomy is indicated. The surgery is generally performed with sedation and local anesthesia, with a lumbosacral epidural preferred by the authors. The dam may be positioned in right lateral recumbency, standing, or dorsal recumbency, based on the surgeon’s preference and specifics of the case. The abdomen is entered routinely, the gravid uterus identified, and gently exteriorized through the abdominal incision. A hysterotomy incision is made over the greater curvature of the uterus to allow removal of the fetus(es). The uterus is closed with absorbable suture using an inverting pattern. The abdominal incision is closed routinely. Systemic antibiotics, ecbolic agents, and analgesic agents are recommended for the dam postoperatively. Survival of the dam is reported at 81–99% with post-surgical complications encountered in 33–77% of cases. Females may be retained for future breeding following surgery, with 84–100% of females reported to become pregnant in the subsequent breeding season.

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