Local appendiceal dysbiosis: the missing link between the appendix and ulcerative colitis?

Roblin, Xavier; Neut, Christel; Darfeuille‐Michaud, Arlette; Colombel, Jean–Frédéric

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300576

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[34][35][36][37][38] F nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum have been implicated in acute appendicitis, 39 with an inverse relationship between previous appendectomy and the incidence of UC reported. 40 Prevotella species dominance (specifically P copri) was a prominent feature in many patients during and after FMT therapy, often associated with decreased Bacteroides in the enteric microbiota. An antagonistic relationship between Prevotella and Bacteroides has been postulated previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Bacteria and Metabolites Associated With Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can induce remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In a randomized controlled trial of FMT in patients with active UC, we aimed to identify bacterial taxonomic and functional factors associated with response to therapy. METHODS:We performed a double-blind trial of 81 patients with active UC randomly assigned to groups that received an initial colonoscopic infusion and then intensive multidonor FMT or placebo enemas, 5 d/wk for 8 weeks. Patients in the FMT group received blended homogenized stool from 3-7 unrelated donors. Patients in the placebo group were eligible to receive open-label FMT after the double-blind study period. We collected 314 fecal samples from the patients at screening, every 4 weeks during treatment, and 8 weeks after the blinded or open-label FMT therapy. We also collected 160 large-bowel biopsy samples from the patients at study entry, at completion of 8 weeks of blinded therapy, and at the end of open-label FMT, if applicable. We analyzed 105 fecal samples from the 14 individual donors (n ¼ 55), who in turn contributed to 21 multidonor batches (n ¼ 50). Bacteria in colonic and fecal samples were analyzed by both 16S ribosomal RNA gene and transcript amplicon sequencing; 285 fecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics, and 60 fecal samples were analyzed for metabolome features. RESULTS: FMT increased microbial diversity and altered composition, based on analyses of colon and fecal samples collected before vs after FMT. Diversity was greater in fecal and colon samples collected before and after FMT treatment from patients who achieved remission compared with patients who did not. Patients in remission after FMT had enrichment of Eubacterium hallii and Roseburia inulivorans compared with patients who did not achieve remission after FMT and had increased levels of short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and secondary bile acids. Patients who did not achieve remission had enrichment of Fusobacterium gonidiaformans, Sutterella wadsworthensis, and Escherichia species and increased levels of heme and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Gastroenterology 2019;156:1440-1454 BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL ATBacteroides in donor stool were associated with remission in patients receiving FMT, and Streptococcus species in donor stool was associated with no response to FMT. CONCLUSIONS:In an analysis of fecal and colonic mucosa samples from patients receiving FMT for active UC and stool samples from donors, we associated specific bacteria and metabolic pathways with induction of remission. These findings may be of value in the design of microbe-based therapies for UC. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT01896635

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Bacteria and Metabolites Associated With Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Will these transiently circulating oral bacteria, which possess the ability to adhere as one of their main attributes, land on a distant organ (the heart, colon, appendix, etc. [96][97][98]), and then contribute to exacerbation of disease at that distant organ [99]? Some thought experiments described below might suggest different ways that periodontal disease can challenge host survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregatibacter, a Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of a Bug, and Localization of Disease

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the focus of this review, was initially proposed as a microbe directly related to a phenotypically distinct form of periodontitis called localized juvenile periodontitis. At the time, it seemed as if specific microbes were implicated as the cause of distinct forms of disease. Over the years, much has changed. The sense that specific microbes relate to distinct forms of disease has been challenged, as has the sense that distinct forms of periodontitis exist. This review consists of two components. The first part is presented as a detective story where we attempt to determine what role, if any, Aggregatibacter plays as a participant in disease. The second part describes landscape ecology in the context of how the host environment shapes the framework of local microbial dysbiosis. We then conjecture as to how the local host response may limit the damage caused by pathobionts. We propose that the host may overcome the constant barrage of a dysbiotic microbiota by confining it to a local tooth site. We conclude speculating that the host response can confine local damage by restricting bacteremic translocation of members of the oral microbiota to distant organs thus constraining morbidity and mortality of the host.

show abstract

“…The mechanism by which appendectomy protects against the development of UC but increases the risk of CD is not known; proposed hypotheses include alterations in mucosal immune responses that lead to appendicitis or, as a result of appendectomy, negatively impact on the pathogenetic mechanisms of UC 89–91. The appendix may act as a reservoir of enteric bacteria involved in antigen sampling that regulates the immunological response to host microflora 89 91 92. It would appear that this proposed mechanism may apply to worldwide populations.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease

Bernstein

Vatn

et al. 2013

Gut

506

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) across time and geography suggests that environmental factors play a major role in modifying disease expression. Disease emergence in developing nations suggests that epidemiological evolution is related to westernisation of lifestyle and industrialisation. The strongest environmental associations identified are cigarette smoking and appendectomy, although neither alone explains the variation in incidence of IBD worldwide. Urbanisation of societies, associated with changes in diet, antibiotic use, hygiene status, microbial exposures and pollution have been implicated as potential environmental risk factors for IBD. Changes in socioeconomic status might occur differently in different geographical areas and populations and, consequently, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of risk factors applicable to the individual patient. Environmental risk factors of individual, familial, community-based, country-based and regionally based origin may all contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. The geographical variation of IBD provides clues for researchers to investigate possible environmental aetiological factors. The present review aims to provide an update of the literature exploring geographical variability in IBD and to explore the environmental risk factors that may account for this variability.

show abstract

Local appendiceal dysbiosis: the missing link between the appendix and ulcerative colitis?

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Specific Bacteria and Metabolites Associated With Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Specific Bacteria and Metabolites Associated With Response to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Aggregatibacter, a Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of a Bug, and Localization of Disease

Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About