Local buckling of pultruded beams — nonlinearity, anisotropy and inhomogeneity

Section Properties and Buckling Behavior of Pultruded FRP Profiles

“…Several researchers have conducted experimental and theoretical studies of the various modes of instability of pultruded FRP profiles. These studies encompass flexural buckling, including the influence of transverse shear deformation [2] flexural-torsional buckling [9] lateral buckling [10,11] local buckling [12,13] and distortional buckling [14][15][16].…”

Characterisation of local damage in pultruded GFRP road bridge decks with random fibre mat misalignments

“…Note that the misalignments do not reduce the stress capacity of the material, rather they increase the local (normal and shear) stress demands along and near the misaligned fibre layer, which reduces the structural integrity of the junctions. Indeed, previous tests have shown that the misaligned fibres dominate the failure behaviours of the junctions in pultruded decks [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and in I-sections [16][17][18][19][20][21], which in turn has led to serviceability problems for FRP decks on the road networks in different countries [22,23]. For FRP components used in the aerospace, automotive, renewable energy and marine domains, such as stiffened panels employed in aircraft, F1 cars, wind turbines and yachts, these misalignments and their associated knock-down effects have been extensively studied [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Taxonomy of fibre mat misalignments in pultruded GFRP bridge decks

“…Aside from bridge decks, several other studies have demonstrated similar mat misalignments in standard pultruded sections. For example, misalignments in both the flats [10], free ends [11] and WFJs [12] [13] of I-sections are reported to produce significant variability in the local buckling loads, likewise for box beams [14]. This demonstrates the prominence of mat misalignments as a generic issue in pultruded sections.…”