Local Cathodic Protection

Baeckmann, W. v.; Prinz, W.

doi:10.1016/b978-088415056-5/50019-8

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although this might at first sight seem counter‐intuitive, it must be remembered that coatings are designed without regard to space weather but with the aim of insulating the pipeline from Earth. Modern coatings also provide a better barrier to corrodents in the environment and to the flow of the electrical component of electrochemical corrosion cells (von Baeckmann et al., 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand

Divett,

Ingham,

Richardson

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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Gas pipelines can experience elevated pipe to soil potentials (PSPs) during geomagnetic disturbances due to the induced geoelectric field. Gas pipeline operators use cathodic protection to keep PSPs between −0.85 and −1.2 V to prevent corrosion of the steel pipes and disbondment of the protective coating from the pipes. We have developed a model of the gas pipelines in the North Island of New Zealand to identify whether a hazard exists to these pipelines and how big this hazard is. We used a transmission line representation to model the pipelines and a nodal admittance matrix method to calculate the PSPs at nodes up to 5 km apart along the pipelines. We used this model to calculate PSPs resulting from an idealized 100 mVkm−1 electric field, initially to the north and east. The calculated PSPs are highest are at the ends of the pipelines in the direction of the applied electric field vector. The calculated PSP follows a characteristic curve along the length of the pipelines that matches theory, with deviations due to branchlines and changes in pipeline direction. The modeling shows that the PSP magnitudes are sensitive to the branchline coating conductance with higher coating conductances decreasing the PSPs at most locations. Enhanced PSPs produce the highest risk of disbondment and corrosion occurring, and hence this modeling provides insights into the network locations most at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand

Divett,

Ingham,

Richardson

et al. 2023

Space Weather

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In COMSOL [21] was selected an Electrochemistry problem, Primary Current Distribution Subdomain and Stationery filed. In this kind of problem, the charge transfer in the electrolyte is assumed to obey Ohm's law [21]. Here, two dependent variables are defined: -for electrode The initial values for both potentials are considered 0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Analysis of Pipeline with Cathodic Corrosion Protection

Petrescu

Chesca

Ioniţă

et al. 2022

The Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty

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Natural gas is an indispensable resource for human life. Its transport is usually done through underground pipelines. Due to the environment in which they are placed, the pipelines are subjected to a continuous process of corrosion. This paper aimed a 3D numerical analysis using specialized software (COMSOL Multiphysics) to study several parameters that influence the corrosion of underground pipelines. Starting from real geometric and environmental data, a comparative analysis was performed, considering the pipeline coating (e.g., with HDPE - high- density polyethylene), the placement of the cathode protection electrode, and the soil conductivity near the pipeline. The results confirm the need to cover the pipelines and can be a starting point for choosing the final configuration of the cathodic protection system.

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“…Assuming the average length of ribbon anode and using Dwight's modified formula [31,32], the average ribbon anode resistance is obtained as follows and table 3 defines corresponding parameters:…”

Section: Ribbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis and Design Recommendation for Linear Anodes in above Ground Storage Tank Cathodic Protection Systems: Mesh Grid system vs. Concentric Rings

Shirshahi,

Chini,

Taheri

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cathodic protection as a complementary method is one of the most effective ways to prevent corrosion, along with coating and choosing the suitable material. There are different ways to protect the storage tank bottom. Due to the presence of the geo membrane layer and its effective and pivotal role, the use of mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes is highly recommended. In the current study, the protection process of the above-ground storage tank bottom is simulated using MMO backfilled wire (Concentric Rings) and ribbon anodes (Mesh Grid System). In this regard, several parameters must be considered in reaching the protection criteria. The simulation results show that the effect of the spacing between the anodes, the limiting oxygen current density and the anodic current have the greatest role. Anode depth and soil resistance are also critical factors. Due to the importance of the number of conductor bars and feeding cables, two configurations have been presented for ribbon anodes. These configurations have a direct impact on grid resistance, rectifier size, and related costs. Finally, an economic comparison has been made regarding the use of sacrificial and MMO anodes in the form of ribbon next to wire anodes. The results show that, in the use of ribbon anodes, MMO anodes have better performance than magnesium and zinc sacrificial anodes, and the cost required for MMO linear anodes is far lower than the method of sacrificial ribbon anodes. In the present study, the linear anode system has an estimated cost of approximately 20% less than the ribbon sacrificial anodes made of magnesium and zinc.

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Local Cathodic Protection

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand

Modeling Pipe to Soil Potentials From Geomagnetic Storms in Gas Pipelines in New Zealand

3D Analysis of Pipeline with Cathodic Corrosion Protection

Numerical Analysis and Design Recommendation for Linear Anodes in above Ground Storage Tank Cathodic Protection Systems: Mesh Grid system vs. Concentric Rings

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