Local climate and latitude affect flower form of <i>Ophrys fuciflora</i> (Orchidaceae): evidence for clinal variation

Paušič, Igor; Lipovšek, Matej; Jakely, Dietmar; Pavlec, Nika; Ivajnšič, Danijel; Kaligarič, Mitja

doi:10.1080/23818107.2019.1668298

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Plant trait data are scarce for island endemics (Cutts et al, 2021), which limited our choice of traits. The traits we used-plant height, leaf area and flower lengthhave been linked to temperature and precipitation conditions (Byars et al, 2007;Givnish et al, 2014;Guerin et al, 2012;Paušič et al, 2019;Tao et al, 2016). Even so, we used data for a broader suite of traits, available only for Tenerife, to determine whether expanding our trait set would fundamentally alter patterns of functional distinctiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics

et al. 2023

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Current models of island biogeography treat endemic and non-endemic species as if they were functionally equivalent, focussing primarily on species richness. Thus, the functional composition of island biotas in relation to island biogeographical variables remains largely unknown. Using plant trait data (plant height, leaf area and flower length) for 895 native species in the Canary Islands, we related functional trait distinctiveness and climate rarity for endemic and non-endemic species and island ages. Endemics showed a link to climatically rare conditions that is consistent with island geological change through time. However, functional trait distinctiveness did not differ between endemics and non-endemics and remained constant with island age. Thus, there is no obvious link between trait distinctiveness and occupancy of rare climates, at least for the traits measured | 505 CUTTS et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics

et al. 2023

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“…According to the “physiological tolerance hypothesis”, environments with higher water availability permit a wider range of functional strategies (Spasojevic et al., 2014), whereas species that occur in habitats with extreme environmental conditions often tend to have specific and similar adaptations (Cornwell & Ackerly, 2009). For example, when water resources are limited, plants have to reduce their transpiration rates (Gates, 1965) and therefore develop small leaves (Peppe et al., 2011; Poorter et al., 2010; Spasojevic et al., 2014; Wright et al., 2017) and small flowers (Paušič et al., 2019; Kuppler & Kotowska, 2021). In contrast, laurel forests are dominated by mild climate and continual humidity that might have offered ecological opportunity for niche differentiation (Rundell & Price, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For stem‐photosynthesizing succulents (e.g., Opuntia robusta ), the ephemeral leaf length was collected. Flower length is also important for the energy and water balance of plants, because flower petals can transpire significant amounts of water (Roddy, 2019; Roddy et al., 2016). Hence, flower length, which can affect pollinator attraction (Thompson, 2001), declines on average with water deficit (Paušič et al., 2019; Kuppler & Kotowska, 2021). For Poaceae, spikelet length was considered as the functional analogue to single flower length.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, when water resources are limited, plants have to reduce their transpiration rates (Gates, 1965) and therefore develop small leaves (Peppe et al, 2011;Poorter et al, 2010;Spasojevic et al, 2014;Wright et al, 2017) and small flowers (Paušič et al, 2019;Kuppler & Kotowska, 2021). In contrast, laurel forests are dominated by mild climate and continual humidity that might have offered ecological opportunity for niche differentiation (Rundell & Price, 2009).…”

Section: Functional Diversity Of Endemic and Nonendemic Native Plant ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic and biogeographical drivers of functional diversity in the flora of the Canary Islands

Hanz

Cutts

Barbosa

et al. 2022

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim Functional traits can help us to elucidate biogeographical and ecological processes driving assemblage structure. We analysed the functional diversity of plant species of different evolutionary origins across an island archipelago, along environmental gradients and across geological age, to assess functional aspects of island biogeographical theory. Location Canary Islands, Spain. Major taxa studied Spermatophytes. Time period Present day. Methods We collected data for four traits (plant height, leaf length, flower length and fruit length) associated with resource acquisition, competitive ability, reproduction and dispersal ability of 893 endemic, non‐endemic native and alien plant species (c. 43% of the Canary Island flora) from the literature. Linking these traits to species occurrences and composition across a 500 m × 500 m grid, we calculated functional diversity for endemic, non‐endemic native and alien assemblages using multidimensional functional hypervolumes and related the resulting patterns to climatic (humidity) and island biogeographical (geographical isolation, topographic complexity and geological age) gradients. Results Trait space of endemic and non‐endemic native species overlapped considerably, and alien species added novel trait combinations, expanding the overall functional space of the Canary Islands. We found that functional diversity of endemic plant assemblages was highest in geographically isolated and humid grid cells. Functional diversity of non‐endemic native assemblages was highest in less isolated and humid grid cells. In contrast, functional diversity of alien assemblages was highest in arid ecosystems. Topographic complexity and geological age had only a subordinate effect on functional diversity across floristic groups. Main conclusions We found that endemic and non‐endemic native island species possess similar traits, whereas alien species tend to expand functional space in ecosystems where they have been introduced. The spatial distribution of the functional diversity of floristic groups is very distinct across environmental gradients, indicating that species assemblages of different evolutionary origins thrive functionally in dissimilar habitats.

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“…Flower length is also important for the energy and water balance of plants as flower petals can transpire significant amounts of water (Roddy et al, 2016;Roddy, 2019). Hence, flower length, which can affect pollinator attraction (Thompson, 2001), declines on average with water deficit (Paušič et al, 2019;Kuppler & Kotowska, 2021). For Poaceae, spikelet length was considered as the functional analogue to single flower length.…”

Section: Morphological Trait Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional island biogeography and functional ecology of the Canary Islands flora

Hanz¹

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Oceanic islands only comprise a small amount of the Earth’s land area but harbour a disproportionate amount of global biodiversity. This vast diversity is not only reflected in the taxonomic uniqueness of island biota but also in the remarkable evolution of functional traits. Functional traits, i.e. measurable characteristics that strongly influence the fitness of species, determine how a species responds to its environment and can help to gain more insights into the biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes that have shaped island biodiversity. However, research in island biogeography has primarily focused on species richness, and knowledge of functional trait patterns on oceanic islands is scarce. Hence, in this dissertation, I have explored how trait-based approaches can increase our understanding of how biodiversity on oceanic islands assembles and how it is driven by the environment. The Canary Islands (Spain) are a particularly suitable model system to investigate patterns and drivers of biodiversity. The archipelago is characterised by a high variation in environmental heterogeneity and inhabits a unique and well-described native flora. Therefore, I have investigated five principal research questions using the flora (Spermatophytes) of the Canary Islands as a study object. First, I have analysed how climate and biogeography shape the assembly of the Canary Islands flora using a novel trait-based approach. Second, the question of whether rare climates link to functional trait distinctiveness in the native Canary Islands flora was addressed. Third, I have examined how intraspecific trait variation is represented in the native flora of oceanic islands focusing on the succulent scrub of La Palma (Canary Islands). Fourth, this dissertation investigated whether scientific floras can be reliable sources for trait data of plants native to oceanic islands. Finally, I have explored how climate change may impact the native Canary Islands flora by analysing possible climate change-induced shifts in plant species distribution and plant traits. The results of my dissertation expand the understanding of the importance of biogeography and the environment in determining the functional composition of island floras. I have assessed that traits of endemic plant species did not expand the functional trait space of the Canary Islands but were packed with the ones of non-endemic species. This result hints at a trait convergence in endemic species, possibly driven by non-adaptive speciation processes. Moreover, I have evidenced that humidity is a critical driver of functional diversity in native plant assemblages and particularly leads to a high trait convergence in arid environments via environmental filtering. In contrast, alien species have expanded the Canary Islands flora’s functional trait space. I further have shown that in contrast to native species assemblages, alien species assemblages are characterised by an increasing functional diversity with increasing aridity. This contrasting pattern of functional diversity could pose a potential risk to the native flora of the Canary Islands as a low functional diversity is expected to reduce the resilience of species assemblages to the establishment of more functionally diverse alien plant species. However, in this dissertation, I also have revealed that endemic plant species on the Canary Islands show a high intraspecific variation in arid environments, possibly as an adaptation to environmental stress. Intraspecific variation could help endemic plant species have a competitive advantage over alien species and be more resilient to environmental changes. Furthermore, in this dissertation, I have shown that scientific floras and taxonomic monographs could be used to gain information on quantitative functional traits of plants native to oceanic islands. This finding is particularly relevant for advances in trait-based research, as coverage of trait data for oceanic island floras is extremely poor in global trait databases. Hence, for some of the studies included in this dissertation, trait data were retrieved from scientific floras and taxonomic monographs and used to answer novel scientific research questions. Thus, I have used trait data from the literature to analyse the effect of climate change on the range size of plants native to the Canary Islands. Identifying plant species of particular conservation concern is critical on oceanic islands as many island species have limited distributions and small population sizes, and their niche tracking is impeded by insularity. I have revealed that single-island endemic plants gain less and lose more climatically suitable areas than archipelago endemic and non-endemic native plants due to a climate change-induced decrease in precipitation until 2100...

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Local climate and latitude affect flower form of Ophrys fuciflora (Orchidaceae): evidence for clinal variation

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics

Links to rare climates do not translate into distinct traits for island endemics

Climatic and biogeographical drivers of functional diversity in the flora of the Canary Islands

Functional island biogeography and functional ecology of the Canary Islands flora

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