“…Remark 2. The renormalization approach developed here is similar to, but technically more involved than, the renormalization approach to the construction of invariant tori for Hamiltonian and other vector fields [10,11,12,14,17,18], reducibility of skew-product flows on T d × SL(2, R) [15] and construction of lower-dimensional tori for Hamiltonian flows [13]. The small divisors encountered in these problems are produced by frequencies ν ∈ Z d that lie in the "resonant" regions, outside of certain "non-resonant" cones, surrounding some resonant planes, perpendicular to ω.…”