“…According to Olawuyi (2017), MENA countries including the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Bahrain are increasingly introducing LCRs into their laws via regulations, legislation, guidelines, and bidding practices. Many of these countries have LCRs with fixed KPIs that require businesses to provide updates at least twice a year on the level and scope of compliance with LCRs (Olawuyi, 2017). Additionally, in some of the MENA countries, such as Iraq, researchers have reported a serious gap in the identification of business information modeling capabilities in KPIs of business projects, such as construction projects (Khanzadi, Sheikhkhoshkar, & Banihashemi, 2018).…”