Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth

Abstract

Analysis 2.5. Comparison 2 Cooling treatment (cold gel pad) versus no treatment, Outcome 5 Pain associated with activities of daily living (walking) between 24 and 72 hours of giving birth.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Analysis 2.6. Comparison 2 Cooling treatment (cold gel pad) versus no treatment, Outcome 6 Pain associated with activities of daily living (walking) between 3 and 14 days after giving birth.

The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The 7 reviewed studies' general effect size was significantly different, and heterogeneity was detected on postpartum day 1 after an episiotomy. Similar systematic examination studies reported a significant decrease in the pain of women who received cryotherapy between 24–72 h after giving births (East et al, 2007; Kim et al, 2020). In the 3 studies included in this analysis, cold application occurred immediately after the episiotomy or 30 min after birth.…”

“…There are many experimental studies in the literature that examine cold application's effects on perineal pain as a non‐pharmacological method (Abedian et al, 2007; Beleza et al, 2017; Francisco et al, 2018; Jahdi et al, 2010; Leventhal et al, 2011; Lu et al, 2015; Mahishale et al, 2013; Navvabi et al, 2009; Oliveira et al, 2012; Senol & Aslan, 2017; Steen & Marchant, 2007; Yusamran et al, 2007). There is also a systematic review study that evaluates the effects of cold application methods on perineal pain (East et al, 2012). However, limited studies examine the effects of cold application on episiotomy pain alone or with different methods, and there are no systematic reviews on this topic (Bini Solomon & Ahitha, 2019; El‐Saidy et al, 2018; Geetha & Shankar, 2014; Maha et al, 2017; Sheikhan et al, 2011; Şolt & Gül, 2020).…”

Effect of Acupressure Applied To Bl23 Point versus Crushed Ice Application on Postpartum Perineal Pain Intensity

“…Likewise, the results of this study also disclosed a satisfactory reduction in postpartum pain intensity among ice packing group, where a highly significant difference was detected before and after its application for 20 minutes. This positive effect may be attributed to the fact that cold application for 10 to 20 minutes could lower the skin temperature 10 C° to 15 C° and have a local pain-relieving and swelling reduction effects as a result of capillary vasoconstriction, reduction of the temperature in the application area, slowing metabolism and decreasing edema by reducing capillary permeability and bleeding (East et al, 2020) 2018) titled "Ice pack induced perineal analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth", they concluded that effective pain relief was achieved and maintained for 2 hours when ice-pack was applied to the perineum for 10 minutes. Moreover, a congruent randomized controlled study carried out by Beleza et al (2017) revealed that the application of cryotherapy for 20 minutes is effective in relieving postpartum episiotomy pain after vaginal delivery.…”

Reduction of opioid utilization after vaginal delivery with an electronic health record intervention

“…3 Pain management strategies such as hydrotherapy, cold therapy, and non-opioid analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and acetaminophen are effective first-line analgesia after vaginal delivery. 4,5 The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that opioids be reserved as second line following a step stepwise increase in pain medications via a "Pain Ladder." 6 Although based on the treatment of terminal cancer, the WHO guidelines were widely incorporated by other medical specialties and introduced opioids as acceptable options for different types of acute and chronic pain.…”