Local induction of regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory bone loss in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in mice

Abstract

Periodontitis (periodontal disease) is a highly prevalent disease, affecting over 65 million adults in the United States alone. Characterized by an overburden of invasive bacteria, gum inflammation and plaque buildup, over time, these symptoms can result in severe loss of gingival tissue attachment, bone resorption and even tooth loss. Although current treatments (local antibiotics and scaling and root planing procedures) target the bacterial dysbiosis, they do not address the underlying inflammatory imbalance in the periodontium. In the healthy steady state, the body naturally combats destructive, imbalanced inflammatory responses through regulatory pathways mediated by cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Consequently, we hypothesized that local enrichment of regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) could restore local, immunological homeostasis and prevent the main outcome of bone loss. Accordingly, we locally delivered a combination of TGFβ, Rapamycin, and IL2 microspheres in a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model. Herein, we have demonstrated this preventative treatment decreases alveolar bone loss, increases the local ratio of Tregs to T effector cells and changes the local microenvironment’s expression of inflammatory and regenerative markers. Ultimately, these Treg-inducing microspheres appear promising as a method to improve periodontitis outcomes and may be able to serve as a platform delivery system to treat other inflammatory diseases.

Evaluation of morphological, histological, and immune-related cellular changes in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in mice

“…For instance, to assess the preventive effect, cytokines or molecules were inoculated before or at the same time of periodontitis induction. 28 , 29 When the focus is on the treatment effect, intervention was carried out after the establishment of experimental periodontitis. 30 , 31 …”

Application of Different Wavelengths of LED Lights in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

“…NB-UVB has fewer side effects on the host than broad-band-UVB light [87][88][89] and has been reported to upregulate regulatory T cells [90]. The immunosuppressive effects of NB-UVB may also be preferable for the treatment of periodontitis [91][92][93][94]. However, at present, few studies have investigated the application of UVB-LED light in a-PDT or phototherapy for periodontal treatments, and the efficacy and safety should be carefully investigated through in vitro and clinical trials before applying it in clinical practice.…”

Экспериментальное Обоснование Применения Комбинированных Биоматериалов Для Регенерации Костной Ткани

“…В результате нерационального протезирования и ошибок, допущенных в ходе эндодонтического и пародонтологического лечения, а также при наличии хронического воспалительного процесса, сопровождающегося локальными и системными утратами костной ткани, очень часты случаи деструктивных изменений в челюстях, широко распространенных среди населения и зачастую лежащих за пределами репаративных возможностей организма [1,2]. При этом, резорбцию кости могут вызывать и сами хирургические мероприятия по устранению одонтогенных очагов инфекции [3,4,5]. В этом плане актуальна проблема современной стоматологии, в том числе хирургической стоматологии и имплантологии, требующей дальнейшего изучения, остается поиск и внедрение эффективных методов и средств, стимулирующих и активизирующих течение репаративного остеогенеза, для восстановления объёма утраченной костной ткани в очагах деструкции и необходимого объёма кости альвеолярных отростков и высоты альвеолярного гребня, утраченных вследствие значительной атрофии, для дальнейшего протезирования [6,7].…”