Local mass transfer measurements for corals and other complex geometries using gypsum dissolution

Chang, Sandy; Elkins, Chris; Eaton, John K.; Monismith, Stephen G.

doi:10.1007/s00348-013-1563-x

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The concentration of Ca 2+ is approx. 15 mol/m 3 at 16 to 17 • C in water [27]. ∆C b is the magnitude of decay, which is on the order of mmol/m 3 inside a coral colony [53].…”

Section: Comparison Of Flow Profiles and Transport Mechanism Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the number and the size of the vortices were not significant inside P. eydouxi, the advection time scale was calculated from the mean branch diameter and velocity magnitude along the length of the colony.If we consider the decay of the same quantity of Ca 2+ at the different advection time scales, estimates of the Stanton number can be obtained from Equations (3)- (5). In natural environments, the assumption of the decay of the same quantity of a substance at the advection time scale along the length of the colony may not hold everywhere in the colony [27]. If more than one coral were used in the analysis, the result might show significant variations in the Stanton number as the corals in the wake region of a reef might have a different mean flow profile than the frontal corals; however, these simplifying approximations were used to compare the transfer rates under idealized conditions between two different branching corals for the same flow conditions.…”

Section: Comparison Of Flow Profiles and Transport Mechanism Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass Stanton number is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of mass transfer rate to the advection rate on the surface. Similarly, the Sherwood number has been used to calculate mass transfer rates from submerged canopies of arrays of cylinders for both unidirectional and oscillatory flows [27]. Both the mass Stanton and Sherwood number can be used to estimate the mass transfer rate between the complex geometry of a coral colony and the surrounding water as both these numbers are the functions of the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers, roughness parameters, and the surface geometry [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Transport and Turbulent Statistics within Two Branching Coral Colonies

Hossain

Staples

2020

Fluids

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Large eddy simulations were performed to characterize the flow and mass transport mechanisms in the interior of two Pocillopora coral colonies with different geometries, one with a relatively loosely branched morphology (P. eydouxi), and the other with a relatively densely branched structure (P. meandrina). Detailed velocity vector and streamline fields were obtained inside both corals for the same unidirectional oncoming flow, and significant differences were found between their flow profiles and mass transport mechanisms. For the densely branched P. meandrina colony, a significant number of vortices were shed from individual branches, which passively stirred the water column and enhanced the mass transport rate inside the colony. In contrast, vortices were mostly absent within the more loosely branched P. eydouxi colony. To further understand the impact of the branch density on internal mass transport processes, the non-dimensional Stanton number for mass transfer, St, was calculated based on the local flow time scale and compared between the colonies. The results showed up to a 219% increase in St when the mean vortex diameter was used to calculate St, compared to calculations based on the mean branch diameter. Turbulent flow statistics, including the fluctuating velocity components, the mean Reynolds stress, and the variance of the velocity components were calculated and compared along the height of the flow domain. The comparison of turbulent flow statistics showed similar Reynolds stress profiles for both corals, but higher velocity variations, in the interior of the densely branched coral, P. meandrina.

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“…The concentration of Ca 2+ is approx. 15 mol/m 3 at 16 to 17 • C in water [27]. ∆C b is the magnitude of decay, which is on the order of mmol/m 3 inside a coral colony [53].…”

Section: Comparison Of Flow Profiles and Transport Mechanism Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Flow Profiles and Transport Mechanism Between mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Transport and Turbulent Statistics within Two Branching Coral Colonies

Hossain

Staples

2020

Fluids

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“…Given that greater velocity leads to thinner boundary layers and higher gradient for mass transfer, having higher velocities in an oscillatory condition may prove to be beneficial to the coral from the mass transfer perspective without overtaxing the coral's structural requirements as in the case of a consistently higher flow. At low‐flow phases, local highs can still be seen on some of the branch tips, which agrees with other experimental measurements [ Chang et al ., ]. This phenomenon is especially evident in the Stylophora case (Figure , bottom).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local shear and mass transfer on individual coral colonies: Computations in unidirectional and wave-driven flows

Chang

Iaccarino

Ham

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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Flows through single coral colonies were simulated with an implementation of the Immersed Boundary (IB) method in Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The method was first validated with magnetic velocimetry experiments, which demonstrated that computational results were within approximately 7% of flow measurements. The algorithm was then applied to simulate unidirectional and wave-driven flow conditions through two morphologically distinct coral colonies that naturally grow in very different hydrodynamic environments, with detailed analysis on spatial hydrodynamic and mass transfer variability. When the hydrodynamics of each coral's native environment was simulated, the dynamics in the interior of both branching species appeared to converge, in spite of vast differences between the hydrodynamic conditions and morphologies. A correlation between local surface shear and mass transfer was derived from simulated data. The results suggest that the corals grew in such a way that mass transfer characteristics are similar despite of vast differences in their physical shapes and hydrodynamic conditions.

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“…(For an initial diameter of the Si cylinder d 0 , 510<Re d 0 <3800:) The variation of the local mass transfer around the periphery of a cylinder has been experimentally studied by several investigators. [39,40] Among those, Bosˇkovic´-Vragolovic´et al [40] used the adsorption method to measure mass transfer rates from a cylinder for 38 < Re d < 3614. They showed Sh to be a maximum at the stagnation point and decrease significantly around the cylinder.…”

Section: Local Variation Of Dissolution Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Studies of Silicon Dissolution in Molten Aluminum Under Different Flow Conditions, Part I: Single-Phase Flow

Ahmadi

Argyropoulos

Bussmann

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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This manuscript presents research work related to the assimilation of Silicon (Si) in molten Aluminum (Al) under natural and forced convection conditions. The effects of impurity levels of solid Si, Al bath temperature, and fluid flow conditions were investigated. It was found that a polycrystalline metallurgical grade Si (MGSi) with higher levels of impurities dissolved more slowly than high purity polycrystalline MGSi, which showed a similar dissolution rate to monocrystalline electronic grade Si. For high-purity Si cylinders, the experimental data under natural convection conditions exhibit good agreement with a correlation for vertical cylinders: Sh ¼ ð0:11to 0:129ÞðGr m ScÞ 1=3 : Under forced convection conditions, by rotating the molten Al, the mass transfer rate increased at higher liquid velocities, implying that the dissolution process is controlled by liquid phase diffusion. When the forced convection prevails, the experimental data are well predicted by a correlation for vertical cylinders in cross flow:1þð0:4=ScÞ 2=3

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Local mass transfer measurements for corals and other complex geometries using gypsum dissolution

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Mass Transport and Turbulent Statistics within Two Branching Coral Colonies

Mass Transport and Turbulent Statistics within Two Branching Coral Colonies

Local shear and mass transfer on individual coral colonies: Computations in unidirectional and wave-driven flows

Comparative Studies of Silicon Dissolution in Molten Aluminum Under Different Flow Conditions, Part I: Single-Phase Flow

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