Local Modulation of the Redox State of p‐Nitrothiophenol Self‐Assembled Monolayers Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Abstract

A detailed model describing particle growth and morphology in polyolefins synthesized using supported metallocene catalysts is presented. The multigrain model (MGM) is extended to consider metal extraction and the effects of polymer particle compressibility, in addition to monomer sorption and mass and heat transfer considerations. The effects of active metal extraction into the polymer phase and the pores of the particle on the kinetics of polymerization and morphological features of the polymer particle are studied. The effects of greater compressibility of polymer particles on morphological features such as particle porosity are studied. Model predictions for porosity and morphology are shown to reproduce similar trends as have been reported in experimental studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2565–2579, 2001

Surface plasmon‐mediated photocatalytic polymerization of p‐dinitrobenzene and p‐phenylenediamine studied by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory

“…So, the reduction of PNSNB and oxidation of PHANB are reversible process during the photoreduction of DNB. It is in agreement with the reversible redox peaks of ArNO/ArNHOH observed in electroreduction of aromatic nitro compounds . The vertical transition energies, oscillator strengths and excitation wavelength for the CT excited states are also presented in Fig.…”

Non‐destructive Patterning of Carbon Electrodes by Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

“…The obtained covalently bound multilayer exhibits terminal nitro groups, which are inert to standard bioconjugation techniques. By electrochemical reduction, the nitro groups can be converted into amino functionalities, which can be used as anchoring groups for biomolecule immobilization . Analogous to previous work on 4‐nitrothiophenol self‐assembled monolayers, the redox state of the nitro groups may be changed locally by using SECM to generate patterns of immobilized proteins.…”

“…By electrochemical reduction, the nitro groups can be converted into amino functionalities, which can be used as anchoring groups for biomoleculei mmobilization. [9,15,16] Analogous to previous work on 4-nitrothiophenol self-assembled monolayers, [9] the redox state of the nitro groups may be changed locally by using SECM to generate patterns of immobilizedp roteins. Acetic acid (HAc) was chosen as the protons ource for the reduction of the surfacec onfined nitro groups.…”

“…Moreover, the locally induced surface modifications can be directly read out by using SECM . Applications range from etching of metal and semiconductor surfaces and localized electroplating to changing the functionalities of self‐assembled monolayers— and depositing polymers with entrapped enzymes or in three‐dimensional structures . The inherent speed limitation of scanning probe techniques compared with photolithography was further reduced by the use of multiple electrodes in parallel…”

“…Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [1] allows for structuring of surfaces without previous design of an ew template for each desired pattern,a si sn ecessary in for example, photolithography.M oreover,t he locally induced surface modifications can be directly read out by using SECM. [2] Applications range from etching of metal and semiconductor surfaces [3] and localized electroplating [4] to changing the functionalities of self-assembled monolayers [5][6][7][8][9] and depositing polymers with entrapped enzymes or in three-dimensional structures. [10] The inherents peed limitation of scanning probe techniques compared with photolithography was furtherr educed by the use of multiple electrodes in parallel.…”