Local motion detectors are required for the computation of expansion flow-fields

Schilling, Tabea; Borst, Alexander

doi:10.1242/bio.012690

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Conversely, the OFF pathway starting with L2 and ending with T5 likely fulfills the same role for dark looming stimuli. These conclusions are in agreement with behavioral observations of visually guided collision avoidance in flight (Schilling and Borst 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuronal ON/OFF Motion Detection Circuits Underlying Looming-Evoked Escape Behavior inDrosophila

Kyung

Dewell

Dierick

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Inactivating fly neurons of the ON or OFF directional motion detection pathways during escape behavior selectively reduced jump responses to light and dark looming stimuli, respectively. AbstractIn Drosophila, early visual processing of motion information segregates in separate ON and OFF pathways. These pathways have been studied in the context of local directional motion detection leading to the encoding of optic flow that provides visual information for flight stabilization. Less is known about their role in detecting impending collision and generating escape behaviors. 'Looming', the simulated approach of an object at constant speed towards an animal, provides a powerful stimulus eliciting jump escape behaviors in stationary flies. We presented looming stimuli mimicking the approach of either a dark object on a bright background or a light object on a dark background, while inactivating neurons belonging either to the ON-or the OFF-motion detection pathways by expressing the dominant Drosophila temperature-sensitive mutant shibire ts in different cells of the ON/OFF pathway. Inactivation of ON, respectively OFF, neurons led to selective decreases in escape behavior to light, resp. dark, looming stimuli. Quantitative analysis showed a nearly perfect splitting of these effects according to the ON/OFF type of the targeted neural populations. Our results suggest that Drosophila ON/OFF motion detection pathways play an important role in controlling jump escape responses according to looming stimulus polarity. They further imply that the biophysical circuits triggering Drosophila jump escape behaviors likely differ substantially from those characterized in other arthropods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Neuronal ON/OFF Motion Detection Circuits Underlying Looming-Evoked Escape Behavior inDrosophila

Kyung

Dewell

Dierick

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…This defined eight bar pair combinations: (+, +, ↓/↑), (–, –, ↓/↑), (+, –, ↓/↑), and (–, +, ↓/↑), where (+) indicates ON-contrasts and (–) indicates OFF-contrasts (as they are positive or negative contrasts compared to the zerocontrast mean gray background) (Figure 1B). Since two populations of elementary motion detectors, T4 and T5, are required for behavioral or neural responses to many classes of motion stimuli [19, 30, 32, 33], we measured the net optomotor turning response to each contrast combination with and without these cells silenced. When T4 and T5 were not silenced, Drosophila turned in the direction of displacement for phi pairings and in the opposite direction for reverse-phi pairings (Figure 1D), consistent with previous results [11, 17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recorded apparent motion responses from T4 and T5 by using GAL4 drivers to express GCaMP6f in these cell populations[19, 30, 33, 35]. We imaged fluorescence responses from T4 and T5 axon terminals in the lobula plate while presenting visual stimuli, adjusted for the pitch of the fly’s head, on a panoramic screen surrounding the fly (Figure 1E).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuronal Basis of an Illusory Motion Percept Is Explained by Decorrelation of Parallel Motion Pathways

et al. 2018

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Summary Both vertebrates and invertebrates perceive illusory motion, known as “reverse-phi”, in visual stimuli that contain sequential luminance increments and decrements. However, increment (ON) and decrement (OFF) signals are initially processed by separate visual neurons, and parallel elementary motion detectors downstream respond selectively to the motion of light or dark edges, often termed ON- and OFF-edges. It remains unknown how and where ON and OFF signals combine to generate reverse-phi motion signals. Here, we show that each of Drosophila’s elementary motion detectors encodes motion by combining both ON and OFF signals. Their pattern of responses reflects combinations of increments and decrements that co-occur in natural motion, serving to decorrelate their outputs. These results suggest that the general principle of signal decorrelation drives the functional specialization of parallel motion detection channels, including their selectivity for moving light or dark edges.

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“…Instantaneously correlated inputs could arise naturally from spatial correlations in the visual world or from input pathways with overlapping spatial receptive fields, which are suggested by connectomic and physiological data (Behnia et al, 2014; Takemura et al, 2013). Behaviors like escape responses to looming stimuli (Card and Dickinson, 2008; de Vries and Clandinin, 2012; Schilling and Borst, 2015), which may not rely on opponent motion signals, could benefit from this precision prior to the opponent subtraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurement of Correlation Responses in Drosophila Elementary Motion Detectors Reveals Fast Timescale Tuning

Salazar-Gatzimas

Chen

Creamer

et al. 2016

Neuron

150

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Animals estimate visual motion by integrating light intensity information over time and space. The integration requires nonlinear processing, which makes motion estimation circuitry sensitive to specific spatiotemporal correlations that signify visual motion. Classical models of motion estimation weight these correlations to produce direction-selective signals. However, the correlational algorithms they describe have not been directly measured in elementary motion detecting neurons (EMDs). Here, we employed stimuli to directly measure responses to pairwise correlations in Drosophila’s EMD neurons, T4 and T5. Activity in these neurons was required for behavioral responses to pairwise correlations and was predictive of those responses. The pattern of neural responses in the EMDs was inconsistent with one classical model of motion detection, and the timescale and selectivity of correlation responses constrained the temporal filtering properties in potential models. These results reveal how neural responses to pairwise correlations drive visual behavior in this canonical motion detecting circuit.

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Local motion detectors are required for the computation of expansion flow-fields

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Neuronal ON/OFF Motion Detection Circuits Underlying Looming-Evoked Escape Behavior inDrosophila

Neuronal ON/OFF Motion Detection Circuits Underlying Looming-Evoked Escape Behavior inDrosophila

The Neuronal Basis of an Illusory Motion Percept Is Explained by Decorrelation of Parallel Motion Pathways

Direct Measurement of Correlation Responses in Drosophila Elementary Motion Detectors Reveals Fast Timescale Tuning

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