Local old olive landrace varieties in Israel—Valuable plant genetic resources in olive cultivation

Barazani, Oz; Dag, Arnon; Kerem, Zohar; Lavee, S.; Kadereit, Joachim W.

doi:10.1560/ijps.56.3.265

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…‘Favarol’ is another cultivar once grown in the GT area [ 3 ], but the two trees collected under this name clustered distantly from the ‘Favarol’ group of accessions from local collections ( Figure 2 ). The fact that most of the GT genotypes could not be assigned to known cultivars is in agreement with previous reports on ancient genotypes, which suggested that traditional olives are confined in their putative domestication areas [ 67 , 68 ]. Some of them could be feral.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos

Moreno-Sanz

Lombardo

Lorenzi

et al. 2020

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The area of the Garda Lake within the Trentino province (north of Italy) is the northernmost part of Europe where the Mediterranean species Olea europaea L. is traditionally cultivated. ‘Casaliva’ is claimed as the main variety traditionally grown in the Garda Trentino area (GT) from which a world renowned niche extra virgin olive oil is produced. Since a dominant presence of ‘Casaliva’ would link the fruit set success and yield to a self-pollination compatibility system, a deep genetic survey of the olive tree population in the GT has been performed with the aim of establishing the actual varietal composition and of understanding from which pollen donor the ‘Casaliva’ olives originate. Forty-four different genetic profiles were observed among the 205 leaf samples collected from 106 ancient trees through the analysis of 20 nuclear microsatellite markers. The varietal composition in modern orchards was also explored and the vast majority of the additional 151 trees analyzed showed the same genotype as the ancient accessions of ‘Casaliva’. The results support the long historical link of ‘Casaliva’ with the GT and, besides a high varietal homogeneity, they also revealed the presence of olive genetic resources essential to fruit production. In fact, the parentage analysis of 550 embryos from drupes of ‘Casaliva’ evidenced that a cross-fertilization system is favored and a list of candidate cultivars most suitable as local pollinizers of ‘Casaliva’ was identified.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos

Moreno-Sanz

Lombardo

Lorenzi

et al. 2020

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the 20 th Century, an inventory of 27 different olive varieties in former Palestina [ 15 ] suggests that in the long history of olive cultivation, cultivars adapted to different regions of the area were selected [ 16 ]. Today, local terminology recognizes four cultivars in traditional olive cultivation in the Levant: Souri, Nabali Baladi, Nabali Muhasan and Mallisi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of genetic variation in rootstocks and scions of old olive trees – a window into the history of olive cultivation practices and past genetic variation

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPast clonal propagation of olive trees is intimately linked to grafting. However, evidence on grafting in ancient trees is scarce, and not much is known about the source of plant material used for rootstocks. Here, the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker technique was used to study genetic diversity of rootstocks and scions in ancient olive trees from the Levant and its implications for past cultivation of olives. Leaf samples were collected from tree canopies (scions) and shoots growing from the trunk base (suckers). A total of 310 trees were sampled in 32 groves and analyzed with 14 SSR markers.ResultsIn 82.7% of the trees in which both scion and suckers could be genotyped, these were genetically different, and thus suckers were interpreted to represent the rootstock of grafted trees. Genetic diversity values were much higher among suckers than among scions, and 194 and 87 multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) were found in the two sample groups, respectively. Only five private alleles were found among scions, but 125 among suckers. A frequency analysis revealed a bimodal distribution of genetic distance among MLGs, indicating the presence of somatic mutations within clones. When assuming that MLGs differing by one mutation are identical, scion and sucker MLGs were grouped in 20 and 147 multi-locus lineages (MLLs). The majority of scions (90.0%) belonged to a single common MLL, whereas 50.5% of the suckers were single-sample MLLs. However, one MLL was specific to suckers and found in 63 (22.6%) of the samples.ConclusionsOur results provide strong evidence that the majority of olive trees in the study are grafted, that the large majority of scions belong to a single ancient cultivar containing somatic mutations, and that the widespread occurrence of one sucker genotype may imply rootstock selection. For the majority of grafted trees it seems likely that saplings were used as rootstocks; their genetic diversity probably is best explained as the result of a long history of sexual reproduction involving cultivated, feral and wild genotypes.

show abstract

“…Twenty-seven other local olive cultivars were described in the first half of the 20 th century by Goor (1948). These are divided in current terminology into five main cultivars: Nabali Baladi, Nabali Muhassan, Mailsi, Souri, and Souri Rumi (Barazani et al, 2008). Local olive growers consider the latter cultivar to be a remnant of olive trees from the Roman period.…”

Section: Olive Landraces Of the Southern Levantmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of olive cultivation in the southern Levant

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most important crops across the Mediterranean, particularly the southern Levant. Its regional economic importance dates at least to the Early Bronze Age (~3600 BCE) and its cultivation contributed significantly to the culture and heritage of ancient civilizations in the region. In the southern Levant, pollen, pits and wood remains of wild olives (O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) has been found in Middle Pleistocene sediments dating to approximately 780 kya, and are present in numerous palynological sequences throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Archeological evidence indicates the olive oil production from at least the Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic transition (~7600-7000 BP), and clear evidence for cultivation by, 7000 BP. It is hypothesized that olive cultivation began through the selection of local genotypes of the wild var. sylvestris. Local populations of naturally growing trees today have thus been considered wild relatives of the olive. However, millennia of cultivation raises questions about whether genuine populations of var. sylvestris remain in the region. Ancient olive landraces might thus represent an ancient genetic stock closer to the ancestor gene pool. This review summarizes the evidence supporting the theory that olives were first cultivated in the southern Levant and reviews our genetic work characterizing local ancient cultivars. The significance and importance of old cultivars and wild populations are discussed, given the immediate need to adapt agricultural practices and crops to environmental degradation and global climate change.

show abstract

Local old olive landrace varieties in Israel—Valuable plant genetic resources in olive cultivation

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos

Genetic Resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino Olive Groves Revealed by Ancient Trees Genotyping and Parentage Analysis of Drupe Embryos

A comparative analysis of genetic variation in rootstocks and scions of old olive trees – a window into the history of olive cultivation practices and past genetic variation

The history of olive cultivation in the southern Levant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About