Local-oscillator excess-noise suppression for homodyne and heterodyne detection

Abbas, Gregory L.; Chan, Vincent W. S.; Yee, T. K.

doi:10.1364/ol.8.000419

Cited by 163 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It was proposed by Yuen and Chan [22], and subsequently experimentally demonstrated by Abbas, Chan and Yee [23]. The signal mode a interferes with a strong laser beam mode b in a balanced 50/50 beam splitter.…”

Section: Inefficient Continuous Variable Measurements a Homodynementioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of noisy quantum measurements

2010

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We consider the problem of improving noisy quantum measurements by suitable preprocessing strategies making many noisy detectors equivalent to a single ideal detector. For observables pertaining to finite-dimensional systems (e.g. qubits or spins) we consider preprocessing strategies that are reminiscent of quantum error correction procedures and allows one to perfectly measure an observable on a single quantum system for increasing number of inefficient detectors. For measurements of observables with unbounded spectrum (e.g. photon number, homodyne and heterodyne detection), the purification of noisy quantum measurements can be achieved by preamplification as suggested by H. P. Yuen [1].

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Section: Inefficient Continuous Variable Measurements a Homodynementioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of noisy quantum measurements

2010

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“…The half-wave plate is used to align the polarizations of two beams along the same direction so that the two beams can interfere with each other. The two output beams from the non-polarizing beam splitter are sent to a balanced detector [29] consisting of two 500 MHz photodiodes (S5972, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, JAPAN) and accompanying circuit, after being filtered by two l ¼ 633 nm band pass filters (10 nm FWHM). The mixed signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier (ZFL500-LN, Mini-Circuits, Brooklyn, NY, USA) and recorded by a 500 MHz digital oscilloscope (WaveRunner 6051A, LeCroy Corporation, Chestnut Ridge, NY, USA).…”

Section: Measurement Of Pallet Release Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of release dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells

Mismar

Wang

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam release of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position relative to the glass-pallet interface in governing the threshold energies for pallet release as well as the pallet release dynamics. Measurements using time-resolved interferometry show that increases in laser pulse energy result in increasing pallet release velocities that can approach 10 m s 21 through aqueous media. CFD simulations reveal that the pallet motion results in cellular exposure to transient hydrodynamic shear stress amplitudes that can exceed 100 kPa on microsecond timescales, and which produces reduced cell viability. Moreover, CFD simulation results show that the maximum shear stress on the pallet surface varies spatially, with the largest shear stresses occurring on the pallet periphery. Cell viability of confluent cell monolayers on the pallet surface confirms that the use of larger pulse energies results in increased rates of necrosis for those cells situated away from the pallet centre, while cells situated at the pallet centre remain viable. Nevertheless, experiments that examine the viability of these cell monolayers following pallet release show that proper choices for laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position lead to the routine achievement of cell viability in excess of 90 per cent. These laser microbeam parameters result in maximum pallet release velocities below 6 m s 21 and cellular exposure of transient hydrodynamic shear stresses below 20 kPa. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic understanding that relates pallet release dynamics and associated transient shear stresses with subsequent cellular viability. This provides a quantitative, mechanistic basis for determining optimal operating conditions for laser microbeam-based pallet release systems for the isolation and selection of adherent cells.

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“…Balanced detection is an established method to reduce intensity noise intrinsic to the laser source 10,11,12,13 . By using two detectors and ensuring that on subtraction the two detected signals have exactly equal excess noise, noise common to both detectors should be completely removed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced detection for interferometry with a noisy source

Robinson

Trägårdh

Lindsay

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Optical properties of nanostructures depend on size, shape, material, and local environment. These characteristics can be probed interferometrically, given a broadband source. However, broadband supercontinuum sources are intrinsically noisy, limiting the measurement sensitivity. In this article we describe the application of an auto-balancing technique to reduce the noise in a broadband supercontinuum source, thus increasing the signal to noise ratio. We show a noise reduction of 41dB allowing optical powers as small as 0.01pW to be interferometrically detected with a 5ms integration time.

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Local-oscillator excess-noise suppression for homodyne and heterodyne detection

Cited by 163 publications

References 3 publications

Purification of noisy quantum measurements

Purification of noisy quantum measurements

Impact of release dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells

Balanced detection for interferometry with a noisy source

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