Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips

Faraon, Andrei; Englund, Dirk; Fushman, Ilya; Vučković, Jelena; Stoltz, Nick; Petroff, P. M.

doi:10.1063/1.2742789

Applied Physics Letters

2007

DOI: 10.1063/1.2742789

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Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips

Andrei Faraon

Dirk Englund

Ilya Fushman

et al.

Abstract: Electroluminescence from quantum dots fabricated with nanosphere lithography Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 103105 (2012) Nucleation features and energy levels of type-II InAsSbP quantum dots grown on InAs(100) substrate Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 093103 (2012) Highly luminescing multi-shell semiconductor nanocrystals InP/ZnSe/ZnS Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 073107 (2012) Eliminating the fine structure splitting of excitons in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots via combined stresses Appl.

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Cited by 127 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…1b show the anticrossing characteristic of strong coupling between the quantum dot and the cavity. Here, the quantum dot is tuned into resonance using local temperature tuning 16 around an average temperature of 20 K maintained in a continuous He flow cryostat. To generate non-classical light, we coherently probe the system with linearly polarized laser beams (Fig.…”

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Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade

et al. 2008

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Quantum dots in photonic crystals are interesting because of their potential in quantum information processing 1,2 and as a testbed for cavity quantum electrodynamics. Recent advances in controlling 3,4 and coherent probing 5,6 of such systems open the possibility of realizing quantum networks originally proposed for atomic systems [7][8][9] . Here, we demonstrate that non-classical states of light can be coherently generated using a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal resonator 10,11 . We show that the capture of a single photon into the cavity affects the probability that a second photon is admitted. This probability drops when the probe is positioned at one of the two energy eigenstates corresponding to the vacuum Rabi splitting, a phenomenon known as photon blockade, the signature of which is photon antibunching 12,13 . In addition, we show that when the probe is positioned between the two eigenstates, the probability of admitting subsequent photons increases, resulting in photon bunching. We call this process photon-induced tunnelling. This system represents an ultimate limit for solid-state nonlinear optics at the single-photon level. Along with demonstrating the generation of non-classical photon states, we propose an implementation of a single-photon transistor 14 in this system.The optical system consists of a self-assembled InAs quantum dot with decay rate γ /2π ≈ 0.1 GHz coupled to a three-hole defect cavity 15 in a two-dimensional GaAs photonic crystal, as described in ref. 5. The quantum-dot/cavity coupling rate g /2π = 16 GHz equals the cavity field decay rate κ/2π = 16 GHz (corresponding to a cavity quality factor Q = 10,000), which puts the system in the strong coupling regime 10,11 . We first characterize the system in photoluminescence by pumping the structure above the GaAs bandgap. The photoluminescence scans in Fig. 1b show the anticrossing characteristic of strong coupling between the quantum dot and the cavity. Here, the quantum dot is tuned into resonance using local temperature tuning 16 around an average temperature of 20 K maintained in a continuous He flow cryostat. To generate non-classical light, we coherently probe the system with linearly polarized laser beams (Fig. 1a) and observe the cross-polarized output, as described in our previous work 5 . The cross-polarized set-up enables us to separate the cavity-coupled signal from the direct probe reflection, which is essential for achieving large signal-to-noise ratios needed in autocorrelation measurements. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental set-up. a, Laser pulses (40 ps FWHM) are reflected from a photonic crystal cavity that is linearly polarized at 45 • relative to the input polarization set by the polarizing beam splitter (PBS). The output light, observed in cross-polarization and carrying the cavity-coupled signal, is analysed using an HBT set-up that measures second-order correlation. The inset shows the suspended structure with the photonic crystal cavity and the metal pad for local temperature tuni...

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“…b, Anticrossing observed in photoluminescence as the quantum dot is tuned into resonance with the cavity. The temperature tuning is done by linearly increasing the power (P ) of the heating laser 16 . The right panel shows the spectrum at the anticrossing point marked by the blue line.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade

et al. 2008

Self Cite

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“…In order to match the cavity resonances and compensate for fabrication errors, we utilize combination of nitrogen gas deposition and local thermal evaporation. To compensate for the inhomogeneous broadening of the quantum dot emitters, we fabricate thermally isolated photonic crystal devices integrated with optical heaters 31 that enable us to tune individual dots without affecting nearby devices. We combine these methods to match the resonant frequencies of independent quantum dots coupled to cavities separated by less than 15 m on the same chip , and demonstrate that their emission exhibits two-photon interference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results provide a path to integrate multiple quantum emitters and cavities on-a-chip for scalable quantum photonics applications. Figure 1a shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a fabricated device composed of four L3 photonic crystal cavities 32 with integrated optical heating pads 31 (See Methods for description of fabrication and design). We activate a particular heating pad by exciting it with a focused laser beam.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A third 780 nm laser beam thermally tunes one of the quantum dots by exciting the heating pad. The absorbed light does not affect the surrounding structures due to the poor thermal conductivity of the thin tethers 31 . We focus all laser beams using a single objective lens (NA=0.7) that also collects the emission from the devices using a confocal microscope geometry.…”

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Two-Photon Interference from the Far-Field Emission of Chip-Integrated Cavity-Coupled Emitters

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Interactions between solid-state quantum emitters and cavities are important for a broad range of applications in quantum communication, linear optical quantum computing, nonlinear photonics, and photonic quantum simulation. These applications often require combining many devices on a single chip with identical emission wavelengths in order to generate two-photon interference, the primary mechanism for achieving effective photon-photon interactions. Such integration remains extremely challenging due to inhomogeneous broadening and fabrication errors that randomize the resonant frequencies of both the emitters and cavities. In this letter we demonstrate two-photon interference from independent cavity-coupled emitters on the same chip, providing a potential solution to this long-standing problem. We overcome spectral mismatch between different cavities due to fabrication errors by depositing and locally evaporating a thin layer of condensed nitrogen. We integrate optical heaters to tune individual dots within each cavity to the same resonance with better than 3 µeV of precision. Combining these tuning methods, we demonstrate two-photon interference between two devices spaced by less than 15 µm on the same chip with a post-selected visibility of 33%. These results pave the way to integrate multiple quantum light sources on the same chip to develop quantum photonic devices.

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Preparation of chitin‐CdTe quantum dots films and antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Wansapura

Dassanayake

Hamood³

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel chitin–cadmium‐tellurium quantum dot (Chitin‐CdTeQD) hybrid films combining chitin and CdTe quantum dots (CdTeQDs) were prepared via a facile aqueous synthesis route at room temperature. Films were characterized by high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HR‐FESEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Antibacterial activity was studied on both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Antibacterial properties were investigated with agar diffusion testing assay and with confocal laser scanning microscopic image analysis. Chitin–CdTeQD films exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Chitin–CdTeQD films might be a desirable antibacterial material for wide range of biomedical applications including wound dressing, burn treatment, drug delivery systems, packaging, ophthalmology, and implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44904.

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Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips

Cited by 127 publications

References 17 publications

Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade

Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade

Two-Photon Interference from the Far-Field Emission of Chip-Integrated Cavity-Coupled Emitters

Preparation of chitin‐CdTe quantum dots films and antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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