Local Regulation of Vascular Cross Section during Changes in Femoral Arterial Blood Flow in Dogs

Lie, Mons; Sejersted, Ole M.; Kiil, Fredrik

doi:10.1161/01.res.27.5.727

Cited by 140 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For instance, studies have shown that hand warming has no effect on brachial artery diameter when flow is not allowed to rise 48,50,116) . Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system has no effect on radial artery FMD in response to hand warming 116) , consistent with animal studies showing that FMD is preserved after surgical or pharmacological denervation 122,123) . A recent meta-analysis by Inaba et al 11) , which was subsequently re-analyzed by Green et al 124) , assessed the CVD prognostic strength of FMD by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies that examined the association between brachial artery FMD and future cardiovascular events.…”

Section: Transient Versus Steady-state Shear Stresssupporting

confidence: 76%

Use of Ultrasound for Non-Invasive Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation

Stoner

Sabatier

2012

JAT

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The pathological complications of atherosclerosis, namely heart attacks and strokes, remain the leading cause of mortality in the Western world. Preceding atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction. There is therefore interest in the application of non-invasive clinical tools to assess endothelial function. The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test is the standard tool used to assess endothelial function. Reduced FMD is an early marker of atherosclerosis and has been noted for its capacity to predict future cardiovascular disease events. This review discusses the measurement of endothelial function using ultrasound, with a focus on the FMD technique.

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Section: Transient Versus Steady-state Shear Stresssupporting

confidence: 76%

Use of Ultrasound for Non-Invasive Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation

Stoner

Sabatier

2012

JAT

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“…These results suggest that luteal NO has dual functions according to the luteal phase. Shear stress is generated when the blood flow volume and blood pressure are increased [40]. Shear stress is the frictional tangential force imposed on the vessel wall when blood flows through the vessel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it has been reported that an NO donor inhibits progesterone secretion [17] and induces apoptosis [39] of mid luteal cells. These results suggest that luteal NO has dual functions according to the luteal phase.Shear stress is generated when the blood flow volume and blood pressure are increased [40]. Shear stress is the frictional tangential force imposed on the vessel wall when blood flows through the vessel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arteriolovenous Vessels, Capillaries and eNOS Expression in the Bovine Corpus Luteum During the Estrous Cycle: a Possible Implication of Different Sensitivity by Luteal Phase to PGF2.ALPHA. in the Increase of Luteal Blood Flow

Shirasuna

Asahi

Sasaki

et al. 2010

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. We have shown that luteal blood flow increases in the peripheral vasculature of the mature corpus luteum (CL) prior to the onset of luteolysis in response to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in the cow, but this phenomenon does not occur in the early CL. We therefore hypothesize that this acute increase of luteal blood flow occurs by vasodilation of large blood vessels due to local release of nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we characterized the CL vasculature together with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression during the estrous cycle in the cow. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the number of arteriolovenous vessels (surrounded with smooth muscle actin-positive smooth muscle cells), capillaries (with von Willebrand Factor-positive endothelial cells) and eNOS protein. The arteriolovenous vessels existed more in the periphery of the matured CL (mid, late and regressing CL) than in the center region. In the early CL, there were as many arteriolovenous vessels in the periphery as in the center, while more capillaries existed in the center than in the periphery of the mid and late CL. Also, eNOS protein existed in the periphery more than in the center of the matured CL. These results indicate that the early CL has a homogeneous vascular and eNOS distribution. In contrast, the matured CL is a heterogeneous organ having a higher vascular and eNOS distribution in the periphery than in the center. In conclusion, the distribution of arteriolovenous vessels and eNOS in the matured CL was higher in the periphery than in the center of the CL. Thus, this suggests that this structural change from the early (homogeneous) to the mid (heterogeneous) luteal phase is related to the difference in the CL response of blood flow increase due to PGF2α, which is only observed in the mature CL. Key words: Blood vessels, Corpus luteum, eNOS, Luteolysis (J. Reprod. Dev. 56: [124][125][126][127][128][129][130] 2010) rich vascular network is established within the corpus luteum (CL) in order to enable it to function as an endocrine gland. Although the CL is constituted of several types of cells, such as luteal cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells account for up to 50% of the bovine mature CL [1,2]. Moreover, endothelin-1 (EDN1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) secreted by endothelial cells in the CL have been shown to inhibit progesterone secretion from luteal cells [3][4][5]. These findings indicate that luteal blood vessels have a key role in regulation of luteal function.Functionally, luteal blood vessels can be divided roughly into two types of blood vessels. One of these types is an arteriolovenous vessels, i.e., arteriola and venula vessels, which have a smooth muscle layer and receive the vasorelaxant effect. In general, the diameter of an arteriola is about 40 μm (from 20 μm to 100 μm), and the arteriola has an important role in creation of peripheral resistance for local blood flow. In the circulation of blood, the arteriola connects to microcapillary vessels followed by ...

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“…This phenomenon is directly dependent upon changes in flow, rather than pressure, and is mediated by a nonneurogenic local mechanism (2). The mechanism of flowmediated vasodilation is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow activates an endothelial potassium channel to release an endogenous nitrovasodilator.

et al. 1991

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Flow-mediated vasodilation is endothelium dependent. We hypothesized that flow activates a potassium channel on the endothelium, and that activation of this channel leads to the release of the endogenous nitrovasodilator, nitric oxide. To test this hypothesis, rabbit iliac arteries were perfused at varying flow rates, at a constant pressure of 60 mm Hg. Increments in flow induced proportional increases in vessel diameter, which were abolished by LN-mono-methylarginine (the antagonist of nitric-oxide synthesis). Barium chloride, depolarizing solutions of potassium, verapamil, calcium-free medium, and antagonists of the Kc. channel (charybdotoxin, iberiotoxin) also blocked flow-mediated vasodilation. Conversely, responses to other agonists of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation were unaffected by charybdotoxin or iberiotoxin. To confirm that flow activated a specific potassium channel to induce the release of nitric oxide, endothelial cells cultured on microcarrier beads were added to a flow chamber containing a vascular ring without endothelium. Flow-stimulated endothelial cells released a diffusible vasodilator, the degree of vasorelaxation was dependent upon the flow rate. Relaxation was abrogated by barium, tetraethylammonium ion, or charybdotoxin, but was not affected by apamin, glybenclamide, tetrodotoxin, or ouabain.The data suggest that transmission of a hyperpolarizing current from endothelium to the vascular smooth muscle is not necessary for flow-mediated vasodilation. Flow activates a potassium channel (possibly the Kc. channel) on the endothelial cell membrane that leads to the release of nitric oxide. (J. Clin.

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Local Regulation of Vascular Cross Section during Changes in Femoral Arterial Blood Flow in Dogs

Cited by 140 publications

References 13 publications

Use of Ultrasound for Non-Invasive Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation

Use of Ultrasound for Non-Invasive Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation

Distribution of Arteriolovenous Vessels, Capillaries and eNOS Expression in the Bovine Corpus Luteum During the Estrous Cycle: a Possible Implication of Different Sensitivity by Luteal Phase to PGF2.ALPHA. in the Increase of Luteal Blood Flow

Flow activates an endothelial potassium channel to release an endogenous nitrovasodilator.

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