Local service delivery choices in Portugal: A political transaction costs framework

The efficiency and effectiveness of municipally owned corporations: a systematic review

“…It can quickly be perceived that MOCs are not easily defined, which can explain why, to our knowledge, only Tavares and Camões (2007) established a definition. They describe (Portuguese) MOCs as single-purpose public organisations, dependent on user fees, with independent corporate status and governed by an executive board appointed by local government officials, although as mentioned we also discovered MOCs that rely on tax revenues (also in Portugal) and are multi-purpose organisations.…”

“…They differ from bureaucracy in that they are governed by appointed executive boards and have independent corporate status (Bel and Fageda 2006). Some MOCs rely on revenue from user fees, distinguishing them from agencies and special districts funded through taxation (Tavares and Camões 2007). MOCs are typically identified as single-purpose organisations operating under private law Warner and Bel 2008), although MOCs can be multipurpose (Bognetti and Robotti 2007) and operate under public law in various countries, including The Netherlands and Norway (Torsteinsen and Van Genugten 2016).…”

“…A steadily increasing number of localities utilise them for public service provision (Florio and Fecher 2011;Grossi and Reichard 2008;Whincop 2005). Municipalities in Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands utilise on average between 10 and 20 local corporations for providing public services (Boogers et al 2016;Grossi and Reichard 2008), a large majority of municipalities in Portugal own at least one MOC (Tavares and Camões 2007). Local corporations are also increasingly used for service provision in the United States (Bunch 2000;Molinari and Tyer 2003) and throughout Europe more broadly (Dexia Crediop 2004).…”

Interkommunalt samarbeid om døgnåpne kommunale akuttenheter og legevakt - Tar helsekommunen form?

“…Internasjonale studier viser også at tjenester som er en del av kjerneområdene til en kommune (branntjenester, kriminalitetsforebygging osv. ), oftere blir produsert i egen organisasjon (Tavares & Camöes, 2007). Det samme viser norske studier (Blåka, Tjerbo & Zeiner, 2012).…”

The cost efficiency of water utilities: when does public ownership matter?

“…Therefore, as demonstrated above, the conventional classification of private, public and mixed ownership used by previous research does not seem to fully reflect the complexity of the Italian context or any other national setting where many alternative modes to delivery public services coexist (Tavares and Camöes, 2007;. Along with publicly owned (type 1) and privately owned (type 2) utilities, this research distinguishes mixed utilities in two groups: in one group, utilities in which the controlling shareholder is a public organisation (type 3) and, in the other, utilities in which the controlling shareholder is a private organization (type 4).…”