Localisation of the amathamide alkaloids in surface bacteria of Amathia wilsoni Kirkpatrick, 1888 (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata)

Walls, JT; Blackman, Adrian J.; Ritz, David

doi:10.1007/bf00017482

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Bacterial biosynthesis of theopalauamide-type compounds is further corroborated by a study of Haygood, Faulkner and coworkers [50]. These include energy-dispersive X-ray analysis/scanning electron microscopy in the case of brominated natural products [34] and immunogold localization [40]. E. palauensis".…”

Section: Compound Localization Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Imidazoles: Their Chemistry and Their Biological Activities

Luca¹

2006

curr med chem

149

134

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Invertebrate animals, such as sponges, tunicates and bryozoans, are among the most important sources of biomedically relevant natural products. However, as these animals generally contain only low quantities of the compounds, further pharmacological development is in most cases difficult. There is increasing evidence that many metabolites, in particular polyketides and nonribosomally synthesized peptides, are not produced by the animals themselves but by associated bacterial symbionts. This symbiont hypothesis currently attracts considerable interest, since it implicates that animal-independent production systems based on bacterial fermentation processes could be created. This review gives an overview about recent developments in the research on natural product symbiosis. Different techniques will be discussed that have been employed to pinpoint the actual producer. Since bacterial symbionts are highly fastidious and have been generally resistant to cultivation attempts, emphasis will be laid on culture-independent strategies, such as cell separation approaches and the cloning of biosynthetic genes. These strategies have provided insights into possible sources of several natural products, e.g. the bryostatins, pederin, the onnamides, swinholide A and theopalauamide. Finally, potential techniques for the generation of renewable supplies of symbiont-derived drug candidates will be discussed. Cultivation approaches and the heterologous expression of cloned biosynthesis genes from uncultured symbionts could in future provide access to several important marine drug candidates, including bryostatin 1, halichondrin or ET-743.

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Section: Compound Localization Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A number of research groups employed localization studies to obtain insights into biosynthetic sources [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Most exploited the property of sponges to dissociate into individual cells if they are transferred to artificial seawater lacking calcium and magnesium salts.…”

Section: Compound Localization Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Imidazoles: Their Chemistry and Their Biological Activities

Luca¹

2006

curr med chem

149

134

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“…Quinone-tanned tube structures of polychaetes also contain haloaromatic amino acids (Vovelle et al 1994). Although the ultimate source of halometabolites from most marine organisms is not known, given the concentrations of halogenated products (PM-mM; Goerke , 1991, Higa et al 1987, Woodin et al 1993, Fielman & Targett 1995 and haloperoxidases (Ahern et al 1980, Chen et al 1991, Yoon et al 1994) and the currently observed presence of structurally diverse compounds among organisms collected from the same habitat, the most parsimonious explanation is that the worms themselves produce these compounds, unlike some sponge and bryozoan microbial associations where symbionts are the metabolite source (Unson et al 1994, Walls et al 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread occurrence of natural halogenated organics among temperate marine infauna

Fielman¹,

Woodin²,

Walla³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Despite the global prevalence of marine sedimentary habitats, the potential for chemically mediated ecological interactions within these assemblages remains poorly known. Using GUMS, we examined methanol extracts of worm, mollusc, and crustacean macroinfauna from 2 local intertidal sandflat communities for volatile organohalogens, a common, often bioactive class of secondary metabolites from marine organisms. Halogenated compounds were newly identified from 11 common polychaete species in the farnil~es Capitellidae, Chaetopteridae, Cirratulidae, Glyceridae, Pectinarudae and Spionidae. Tentative structures of these halometabolites are proposed based on G U M S data. The represented chemical classes included aromatic mono-and dibrominated hydroxyphenylpropanoids, nitrogen-containing bromoalkylpyrroles, as well as brominated and chlorinated hydrocarbons and sulfides. Among the molluscs, only Terebra dislocata (Prosobranchia) contained an organohalogen compound (2,6-dibromophenol), which is likely derived from its diet of hemichordate worms. Volatile haloorganics were not found in amphipod and nemertean taxa. Possession of these compounds was not a function of any particular phylum, size categorization, or trophic mode, although hemichordates and all Capitellid and Spionid polychaetes collected at these sites invariably contained halocompounds. Most (40 of ca 54 taxa) of the numerically dominant macroinfaunal taxa at these 2 sites were examined in this survey; of these, 4 3 % contained halometabolites, including the broadly distributed species Mediomastus arnbiseta, Heteromastus filiformis, Streblospio benedicti, Thary.~ marioni, and Saccoglossus kowalevskii. Thus, the potential for widespread occurrence of halogenated compounds among infauna is great. The presence of organohalogens in many common and abundant polychaete species suggests a general biological significance for these metabolites, a result of potential interest to marine ecologists, toxicologists and environmental chemists.

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“…Bacterial symbionts of eukaryotes often confer unique abilities that enable their host to survive on resources that would otherwise be unavailable. Examples include: chemoautotrophs (within the large worms, nematodes, bivalves and shrimp) living on sulfide or methane in a variety of marine habitats (Cary et al, 1997;Deming et al, 1997;Streams et al, 1997;Polz et al, 1998b;Fisher, 1990;Fujiwara et al, 2001); the production of toxins and antibiotics by bacteria (Kobayashi and Ishibashi, 1993;Faulkner et al, 1994;Walls et al, 1995;Kaufman et al, 1998;Currie, 1999;Davidson et al, 2001); the production of light (Hastings et al, 1987;Haygood, 1993); bacteria that degrade cellulose and fix nitrogen in shipworm bivalves and terrestrial termites to allow the hosts to live on wood (Breznak, 1982;Waterbury et al, 1983;Lilburn et al, 2001;Distel et al, 2002); and the associations of cyanobacteria with a variety of fungi to fix carbon and nitrogen (lichens). The activities of certain microbe-host associations, such as gut flora of termites and the nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium spp.…”

Section: The Metabolic Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Function of Microbial Communities

Stahl¹,

Hullar²,

Davidson³

2006

The Prokaryotes

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Localisation of the amathamide alkaloids in surface bacteria of Amathia wilsoni Kirkpatrick, 1888 (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata)

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Imidazoles: Their Chemistry and Their Biological Activities

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Imidazoles: Their Chemistry and Their Biological Activities

Widespread occurrence of natural halogenated organics among temperate marine infauna

The Structure and Function of Microbial Communities

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