Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Cox, Catherine M.; Swain, Stephen M.

doi:10.1071/fp05136

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Response to pollen was found to decrease at 1 DPA, and was completely lost at 3 DPA (Fig. 6A) and the number of seeds per fruit correlated with the final fruit length, as previously described (Cox and Swain, 2006;Dorcey et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pistil Loss Of Fruit-set Capacitymentioning

confidence: 80%

A Fertilization-Independent Developmental Program Triggers Partial Fruit Development and Senescence Processes in Pistils of Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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The pistil is the specialized plant organ that enables appropriate pollination and ovule fertilization, after which it undergoes growth and differentiation to become a fruit. However, in most species, if ovules are not fertilized around anthesis the pistil irreversibly loses its growth capacity. We used physiological, molecular, and transcriptomic tools to characterize the postanthesis development of the unfertilized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pistil. Surprisingly, developmental processes that have been previously described in developing Arabidopsis fruits, such as the collapse of the adaxial epidermis, differentiation of a sclerenchyma layer in the adaxial subepidermis and the dehiscence zone, and valve dehiscence, were also observed in the unfertilized pistil. We determined that senescence is first established in the transmitting tract, stigma, and ovules immediately after anthesis, and that the timing of senescence in the stigma and ovules correlates with the loss of fruit-set responsiveness of the pistil to pollen and the hormone gibberellin (GA), respectively. Moreover, we showed that mutants with altered ovule development have impaired fruit-set response to the GA gibberellic acid, which further indicates that the presence of viable ovules is required for fruit-set responsiveness to GAs in the unfertilized pistil. Our data suggest that a fertilizationindependent developmental program controls many of the processes during post-anthesis development, both in unfertilized pistils and seeded fruits, and point to a key role of the ovule in the capacity of pistils to undergo fruit set in response to GA.

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Section: Pistil Loss Of Fruit-set Capacitymentioning

confidence: 80%

A Fertilization-Independent Developmental Program Triggers Partial Fruit Development and Senescence Processes in Pistils of Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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“…Thus, in Arabidopsis, silique growth is promoted by a combination of GA produced in maternal tissues as well as in the endosperm of developing seeds ( Figure 9E). Furthermore, the production of active GAs by seeds, due to GA3ox4 activity in the endosperm, can partially explain the localized effect of seeds on silique growth (Cox and Swain, 2006). The immediate upregulation of GA3ox1 in the placenta ( Figure 4S) and of GA3ox4 in the endosperm after anthesis suggests that pollination or ovule fertilization is a prerequisite to initiate de novo GA biosynthesis in fruit, which in turn promotes initial elongation of the silique.…”

Section: Sites Of Synthesis Of Bioactive Gas and The Role Of Local Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Sites of Bioactive Gibberellin Production during Reproductive Growth inArabidopsis

et al. 2008

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Gibberellin 3-oxidase (GA3ox) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of bioactive gibberellins (GAs). We examined the expression patterns of all four GA3ox genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoter–β-glucuronidase gene fusions and by quantitative RT-PCR and defined their physiological roles by characterizing single, double, and triple mutants. In developing flowers, GA3ox genes are only expressed in stamen filaments, anthers, and flower receptacles. Mutant plants that lack both GA3ox1 and GA3ox3 functions displayed stamen and petal defects, indicating that these two genes are important for GA production in the flower. Our data suggest that de novo synthesis of active GAs is necessary for stamen development in early flowers and that bioactive GAs made in the stamens and/or flower receptacles are transported to petals to promote their growth. In developing siliques, GA3ox1 is mainly expressed in the replums, funiculi, and the silique receptacles, whereas the other GA3ox genes are only expressed in developing seeds. Active GAs appear to be transported from the seed endosperm to the surrounding maternal tissues where they promote growth. The immediate upregulation of GA3ox1 and GA3ox4 after anthesis suggests that pollination and/or fertilization is a prerequisite for de novo GA biosynthesis in fruit, which in turn promotes initial elongation of the silique.

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“…1, A and B). In many species, including Arabidopsis, fruit size correlates with seed number (Cox and Swain, 2006), which suggests that the facultative parthenocarpy of the global mutant, due to constitutive GA signaling, may account for the further elongation of these fruits and lower seed density. While mature fruits of wild-type plants had seed-filled siliques, the fruits of the global mutant had many aborted seeds (Fig.…”

Section: Dellas Participate In Seed Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins Regulate Ovule Integument Development by Interfering with the Transcription Factor ATS

et al. 2016

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Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate most plant life cycle aspects, including flowering and fruit development. Here, we demonstrate the implication of GAs in ovule development. DELLA proteins, negative GA response regulators, act as positive factors for ovule integument development in a mechanism that involves transcription factor ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE (ATS). The seeds of the della global mutant, a complete loss-of-function of DELLA, and the ats-1 mutant are remarkably similar, with a round shape, a disorganized testa, and viviparism. These defects are the result of an alteration in integuments that fail to fully develop and are shorter than in wild-type plants. ats-1 also shows some GA-related phenotypes, for example, higher germination rates and early flowering. In fact, ats-1 has elevated GA levels due to the activation of GA biosynthesis genes, which indicates that ATS inhibits GA biosynthesis. Moreover, DELLAs and ATS proteins interact, which suggests the formation of a transcriptional complex that regulates the expression of genes involved in integument growth. Therefore, the repression of GA biosynthesis by ATS would result in the stabilization of DELLAs to ensure correct ATS-DELLA complex formation. The requirement of both activities to coordinate proper ovule development strongly argues that the ATS-DELLA complex acts as a key molecular factor. This work provides the first evidence for a role of GAs in ovule and seed development.

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Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

A Fertilization-Independent Developmental Program Triggers Partial Fruit Development and Senescence Processes in Pistils of Arabidopsis

A Fertilization-Independent Developmental Program Triggers Partial Fruit Development and Senescence Processes in Pistils of Arabidopsis

Potential Sites of Bioactive Gibberellin Production during Reproductive Growth inArabidopsis

Gibberellins Regulate Ovule Integument Development by Interfering with the Transcription Factor ATS

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