Localization Algorithm for WSN Application using Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

This paper proposes a localization approach based on genetic algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks. A new way to calculate the distance between anchor node and unknown node has been elaborated, which help in reducing the power consumption of nodes. Genetic Algorithm is based on natural evalution. The genetic algorithm is a probabilistic search algorithm that iteratively transforms a set (called a population) of mathematical objects (typically fixed-length binary character strings), each with an associated fitness value, into a new population of offspring objects using the Darwinian principle of natural selection and using operations that are patterned after naturally occurring genetic operations, such as crossover (sexual recombination) and mutation. The starting node and the ending node are fixed in node distance optimization algorithm. The algorithm has to cover each and every node, keeping in mind that the node should not be repeated. During the first run of algorithm, it has to calculate the distance and mark that distance as index distance. Then GA makes use the GA operators like crossover and mutation to generated new paths and try to find the minimum distance. If distance calculated is less than the index distance, then it is replaced, otherwise rejected. Termination criteria are met, when the number of iteration is completed. Application for genetic algorithm has been succesfully built using MATLAB tool. The distance between two dummy nodes for constant population has been observed as 26.136m and for random population it has been observed as 34.147m and 39.669m respectively.

Who Are the Yanomamis

“…He died on April 10. [48] According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, this was the first death by Yanomami and the third death due to COVID-19 in an indigenous tribe, and raised fears over the effects of Viruses against indigenous peoples of Brazil [49] Group working for Yanomami Yarima's son David Good and her anthropologist husband Kenneth Good created The Good Project to help support the future of the Yanomami people . [50] [51] Survival International NGO in the United Kingdom, is conducting a global awareness campaign on the human rights situation of the Yanomami people [52].…”

Improved Least-Square DV-Hop Algorithm for Localization in large scale wireless sensor network

“…Also, 3, 5, 4 are the number of hops between A1: A3, A1:A2, and A3:A2 respectively. The average hop-size of the three anchors in this network is calculated as follows using the original DV-Hop algorithm, Equation (1).…”

“…Moreover, several parameters related to the nature of the network and the environment like the humidity level and the electromagnetic noise affect the precision of the measurements. On the other hand, the "range-free" surpasses these two disadvantages by exploiting the notions of connectivity and hops [1]. Indeed, to estimate the target nodes' position request to collect network connectivity information as well as the position of the anchors and evaluate the distance which is adapted to any type of wireless transmission and then calculate their positions without additional hardware for measuring.…”