Localization of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterases and β‐D‐galactosidase in parotid and submaxillary glands of domestic and laboratory animals

Chauncey, Howard H.; Quintarelli, G.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001080304

Am. J. Anat.

1961

DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001080304

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Localization of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterases and β‐D‐galactosidase in parotid and submaxillary glands of domestic and laboratory animals

Howard H. Chauncey¹,

G. Quintarelli²

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2006

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Cited by 37 publications

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“…Therkildsen et al (1994) have used monoclonal antibodies to study the simple mucintype carbohydrate antigens Tn, sialosyl-Tn, T, sialosyl-T, T, H, and A in human salivary glands. They found inconsistent staining for Tn, T, and sialosyl-T, H, and A antigens in the ED cells of human parotid, sublingual, sub- Chauncey and Quintarelli, 1961;Shklar and Chauncey, 1963;Arvy, 1963;Bogart, 1970;Tomich and Eversole, 1972;Chomette et al, 1981;Isaacson, 1986 P, parotid; SL, sublingual; SM, submandibular. mandibular, and labial salivary glands, and strong staining of basal cells in all gland types for T and sialosyl-T antigens, but no staining of duct cells in any gland type with antibody against sialosyl-Tn antigen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interlobular excretory ducts of mammalian salivary glands: Structural and histochemical review

2006

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In the major salivary glands of mammals, excretory ducts (EDs) succeed striated ducts. They are for the most part interlobular in position, although their proximal portions sometimes are on the periphery of a lobule, where they occasionally retain some of the structural features of striated ducts. Based on a survey of a broad range of mammalian species and glands, the predominant tissue type that composes EDs is pseudostratified epithelium. In some species, there is a progression of epithelial types: the proximal EDs are composed of simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium that, in the excurrent direction, usually gives way to the pseudostratified variety. Secretory granules are visible in the apical cytoplasm of the principal cells of the EDs of only a few species, but histochemistry has shown the presence of a variety of glycoproteins in these cells in a spectrum of species. Moreover, the latter methodology has revealed the presence of a variety of oxidative, acid hydrolytic, and transport enzymes in the EDs, showing that, rather than simply acting as a conduit for saliva, these ducts play a metabolically active role in gland function. It is difficult to describe a "typical" mammalian ED because it can vary along its length and interspecific variation does not follow a phylogenetic pattern. Moreover, in contrast to intercalated and striated ducts, ED cellular features do not exhibit a relationship to diet. Anat Rec Part A 288A: 498 -526, 2006.

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confidence: 99%

Interlobular excretory ducts of mammalian salivary glands: Structural and histochemical review

2006

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The effects of acute starvation on parotid acinar cells. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on Ad Libitum‐fed and starved rats

Hand

1972

Am. J. Anat.

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Parotid acinar cells from ad libitum-fed and starved rats were studied using electron microscopic and cytochemical techniques. Lysosomes containing acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase activity were present in cells of both ad libitum-fed and starved rats. They included lipofuscin-like bodies, smaller round or irregularly-shaped bodies, multivesicular bodies, and coated vesicles. After 16-24 hours of starvation, lipid droplets had accumulated in the basal cytoplasm, and secretory granules showed evidence of degeneration. These altered granules consisted of irregular clumps of dense material in a less dense matrix. After 48-72 hours of starvation, the altered granules increased in number and fused to form large aggregates. Some of the aggregates also contained vesicles, membranous material, and lysosomal residues. The altered granules and aggregates were reactive for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The formation of the altered granules appeared to occur by spontaneous degeneration of the secretory granules, with secondary fusion with pre-existing lysosomes and other altered granules. The results suggest that the lysosomal system of the parotid acinar cell functions to segregate and digest secretory granules during periods of reduced secretory stimulation.Previous studies have demonstrated that the structure and enzyme content of the rat parotid gland are dependent upon food intake and consistency. In normal animals, the nocturnal eating habits produce a diurnal variation in gland weight and secretory protein content (Sreebny and Johnson, '69). Starvation eliminates the diurnal variation and causes a reduction in gland weight and amylase content beginning after one day of starvation (Johnson and Sreebny, '71). In rats maintained on a liquid diet (Metrecal or liquified pellets), parotid acinar cells undergo atrophy, with a decrease in gland weight, amylase and RNA content and loss of the diurnal variation (Hall and Schneyer, '64, '69; Johnson and Sreebny, '71 ) The present study was undertaken because information regarding morphological changes during the early stages of reduced glandular function is lacking. In order to study these changes parotid glands from ad libitum-fed rats and rats starved for 16-72 hours were examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the identification of lysosomes and the distribution of two lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The results indicate that lysosomes containing acid hydrolase activity are present in parotid acinar cells of normal as well as experimental animals. During starvation, the acinar cells accumulate lipid droplets, and some of the secretory granules show morphological and cytochemical alterations suggestive of degeneration. The evidence presented here suggests that one of the functions of the lysosomal system 71 72 ARTHUR R. HAND in the parotid acinar cell is segregation and digestion of secretory granules when the stimulus for their normal discharge from the cell is removed. MATERIALS AND METHODSAdu...

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Histology and ultrastructure of the pig parotid gland

Boshell

Wilborn

1978

Am. J. Anat.

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Parotid glands of adult pigs were studied by light and electron microscopy. The parenchyma consists of acini, intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory ducts.Acini had little affinity for periodic acid-Schiff and were alcian blue-negative at pH 2.6 or 0.5. These results indicate a paucity of neutral mucins and an absence of sialo-and sulfomucins. Histologically, acinar cells had vacuoles which corresponded ultrastructurally to large electron-lucent secretory granules. The latter contained electron-dense bodies and lipid droplets. Acinar cells differed histochemically and ultrastructurally from typical serous cells and were classified as special serous.Intercalated duct cells near acini contained electron-dense secretory granules and numerous microfilaments. Cells in distal segments lacked secretory granules.Striated ducts were lined by two types of columnar epithelial cells, light cells and dark cells. Light cells were characterized by numerous infoldings of the basal plasma membrane, mitochondria between the infoldings, and electron-lucent vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. The mitochondria contained tubular cristae. Dark cells were characterized by an abundance of microfilaments and numerous infranuclear processes which extended to the basement membrane.Excretory ducts, in addition to light and dark cells, also contained basal cells and goblet cells. Mitochondria in the light cells had flattened rather than tubular cristae.The pig parotid is a unique salivary gland and the most atypical mammalian parotid gland studied thus far. Mitochondria with tubular cristae and vacuolated special serous cells with lipid in the secretory granules are hallmarks of the pig parotid. This paper reports the histochemistry and ultrastructure of an unusual parotid gland, that of the domestic pig (Sus scrofal. Acini of this gland were first classified histochemically as serous (Shackleford and Klapper, '621, but low amylase activity in the saliva (Chauncey et al., '63) and vacuolated acinar cells

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Localization of acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterases and β‐D‐galactosidase in parotid and submaxillary glands of domestic and laboratory animals

Cited by 37 publications

References 28 publications

Interlobular excretory ducts of mammalian salivary glands: Structural and histochemical review

Interlobular excretory ducts of mammalian salivary glands: Structural and histochemical review

The effects of acute starvation on parotid acinar cells. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on Ad Libitum‐fed and starved rats

Histology and ultrastructure of the pig parotid gland

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