Localization of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase in the developing chick retina: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses

Godbout, Roseline; Packer, Mary; Poppema, Sibrand; Dabbagh, Laith

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199603)205:3<319::aid-aja11>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As in the mouse retina, the dorsal retinal enzyme in chick has been identified as a class-1 aldehyde dehydrogenase (Godbout et al, 1996). Because we had observed that an antiserum raised against class-1 aldehyde dehydrogenase of the rat (Lindahl et al, 1983) cross-reacts with the corresponding chick enzyme, we probed retina sectors, as sketched in Figure 1, by immunoblotting.…”

Section: Distribution Of Class-1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

1997

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The transcriptional activator retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to influence the early patterning of the vertebrate eye. Models for the establishment of the retinofugal projection postulate gradients of cell-surface markers across the retinal surface that are expressed by ganglion cells and mediate the correct connection of fibers within central target fields. Spatial asymmetries of RA and RA-producing enzymes, as have been found in the eyes of mice and zebrafish, could induce the required asymmetry in gene expression. Here we exploited the large size of the retina of the embryonic chick to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the RA system by HPLC in combination with a reporter cell assay. As in other embryonic vertebrates, the chick retina was found to contain different RA-generating enzymes segregated along the dorsoventral axis. The major RA isomer in both dorsal and ventral retina was all-transRA, and no 9-cisRA could be detected. This excludes a difference in production of these two isomers as an explanation for the expression of different RA-generating enzymes. At developmental stages embryonic days (E) 4 and 5, the ventral retina contained higher all-transRA levels than the dorsal retina. After E8, however, the difference disappeared, and in embryos at E9 and older the RA concentration was slightly higher in dorsal than ventral retina.

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Section: Distribution Of Class-1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Immunoreactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

1997

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“…RA can be detected in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the eye (Marsh-Armstrong et al 1994;McCaffery et al 1992) and the relative amounts change with developmental age (McCaffery et al 1993;Mey et al 1997). The RA-synthesising enzyme Raldh1 is expressed in the dorsal retina (McCaffery et al 1991;McCaffery et al 1992;Godbout et al, 1996), Raldh3 is expressed in the ventral retina (McCaffery et al 1999;Grun et al 2000;Mic et al 2000;Suzuki et al 2000) and Raldh2 is expressed in the optic vesicle (Haselbeck et al 1999), at the ventral edge of the eye field (McCaffery et al 1999) and in the periocular mesenchyme (Niederreither et al 1997;Blentic et al, 2003). Cyp26A1 is expressed in an equatorial region of the mouse eye between the dorsal Raldh1 and ventral Raldh3 synthetic domains (Fujii et al 1997;de Roos et al 1999;McCaffery et al 1999;Wagner et al 2000), a function fulfilled by Cyp26B1 and C1 in the chick embryo (Reijntjes et al 2003;Reijntjes et al 2004) thus creating a RA free region and dividing the eye into three zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoic acid is required for specification of the ventral eye field and for Rathke's pouch in the avian embryo

Maden¹,

Blentic²,

Reijntjes³

et al. 2007

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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We have investigated the role of retinoic acid (RA) in eye development using the vitamin A deficient quail model system, which overcomes problems of retinoic acid synthesising enzyme redundancy in the embryo. In the absence of retinoic acid, the ventral optic stalk and ventral retina are missing, whereas the dorsal optic stalk and dorsal retina develop appropriately. Other ocular abnormalities observed were a thinner retina and the lack of differentiation of the lens. In an attempt to explain this, we studied the expression of various dorsally and ventrally expressed genes such as Pax2, Pax6, Tbx6, Vax2, Raldh1 and Raldh3 and noted that they were unchanged in their expression patterns. In contrast, the RA catabolising enzymes Cyp26A1 and Cyp26B1 which are known to be RA-responsive were not expressed at all in the developing eye. At much earlier stages, the expression domain of Shh in the prechordal plate was reduced, as was Nkx2.1 and we suggest a model whereby the eye field is specified according to the concentration of SHH protein that is present. We also describe another organ, Rathke's pouch which fails to develop in the absence of retinoic acid. We attribute this to the down-regulation of Bmp2, Shh and Fgf8 which are known to be involved in the induction of this structure.

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“…As a control for ALDH-I expression we also examined sections of E9.5 whole-mount stained embryos, and observed strong expression in the dorsal retina ( Fig. 2C), a site previously shown to have abundant expression of this enzyme in both mouse embryos McCaffery et al, 1991) and chick embryos (Godbout et al, 1996). Sections of E7.5 embryos stained for RARa mRNA indicated expression in all tissues; i.e., embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, as well as extraembryonic ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, including the allantois and amnion (Fig.…”

Section: Detection Of Mrnas For Adh-iv Aldh-i and Rars At Stage E75mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…However, prior to this study there was no evidence for expression of any form of ALDH that can convert retinal to RA at this stage of embryogenesis. ALDH-I had previously been found to function as a retinal dehydrogenase (Lee et al, 1991;El Akawi and Napoli, 1994;Bhat et al, 1995), and its expression had been observed in the dorsal retina of E9.5 mouse embryos (McCaffery et al, 1991) and stage 14 chick embryos (Godbout et al, 1996), suggesting that it might participate in RA synthesis in the developing retina (McCaffery et al, 1992). Our findings now indicate that ALDH-I is expressed in primitive streak mesoderm at E7.5 and may thus play an earlier role in RA synthesis than first suspected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of retinoid signaling in primitive streak mouse embryos: Spatiotemporal expression patterns of receptors and metabolic enzymes for ligand synthesis

Ang

Duester

1997

Dev. Dyn.

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The requirement of vitamin A (retinol) for successful completion of vertebrate embryogenesis is well established. Retinoid signaling involves a two-step metabolic event in which retinol is first converted to retinal, and then retinal is converted to the active ligand retinoic acid, which modulates the transcriptional activity of a nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR). During mouse embryogenesis, retinoic acid is not detected at 6.5 days of embryonic development (E6.5) when gastrulation first initiates, but it is detected at E7.5 and later. This suggests that retinoid signaling during embryogenesis may be initiated during the primitive streak stage. Here we have used whole-mount in situ hybridization to examine E6.5-E8.5 mouse embryos for expression of RARa, RARb, RARg, and two enzymes, class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-IV) and class I aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-I), which have been shown to have retinol and retinal dehydrogenase activities, respectively. At E6.5, RARa mRNA was expressed ubiquitously in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, RARg mRNA was detected throughout all embryonic tissues, but mRNAs for RARb, ADH-IV, and ALDH-I were not detected. By E7.5, RARa mRNA was still ubiquitous, RARb mRNA was now observed in presumptive hindbrain ectoderm and adjacent mesenchyme, RARg mRNA was still observed in all embryonic tissues, and ADH-IV as well as ALDH-I mRNAs were now both expressed in primitive streak mesoderm. In E8.5 embryos, RARa mRNA was still ubiquitous, RARb mRNA was present in the caudal hindbrain as well as the closed neural tube and foregut, RARg mRNA was widespread but most prevalent in caudal embryonic tissues, and mRNAs for both ADH-IV and ALDH-I were expressed in cranial mesenchyme, somites, and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, ADH-IV and ALDH-I, two metabolic enzymes able to convert retinol to retinoic acid, are both initially expressed in primitive streak mesoderm at E7.5 when retinoic acid is first detectable. On the other hand, RARa and RARg expression is widespread and present at E6.5 prior to retinoic acid detection. These results suggest that upregulation of ADH-IV and ALDH-I gene expression in primitive streak mesoderm may lead to retinoic acid synthesis and initiation of retinoid signaling during mouse embryogenesis. Dev. Dyn. 208:536-543, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Localization of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase in the developing chick retina: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Chick Retina

Retinoic acid is required for specification of the ventral eye field and for Rathke's pouch in the avian embryo

Initiation of retinoid signaling in primitive streak mouse embryos: Spatiotemporal expression patterns of receptors and metabolic enzymes for ligand synthesis

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