Localization of damage in the human leg muscles induced by downhill running

Maeo, Sumiaki; Ando, Yumiko; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Kawakami, Yasuo

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06129-8

Cited by 30 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the present study, we focused on the impact of downhill running on muscle damage to quadriceps, because previous observations showed that the largest muscle damage by downhill running was observed in knee extensors [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery from Strenuous Downhill Running in Young and Older Physically Active Adults

et al. 2019

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There is a well-conceived notion that rate of recovery from strenuous exercise gets slower with age. However, it is unclear whether older adults who exercise habitually demonstrate slower rates of recovery. We determined whether older adults who are physically active demonstrate slower rates of recovery from unaccustomed strenuous exercise compared with younger peers. Healthy young sedentary (n=10, 28±2 years), young endurance-trained (n=15, 27±2 years), and older endurance-trained (n=14, 58±2 years) men and women were studied. Participants performed 45 min of downhill running at 65% of their maximal oxygen consumption. Visual analog pain scores of muscle groups increased at 24, 48, and 72 h in all three groups (p<0.05), and changes in the muscular pain scale of the legs was smaller in the older trained group than in the young trained group. Maximum isometric strengths at 90° decreased in all groups at 24 h, but the recovery rates were not different at 72 h among the groups. Plasma creatine kinase activity and myoglobin concentration increased at 24 h following downhill running and returned to baseline at 48 h in both the young and older trained groups. The present findings are not consistent with the prevailing notion that older trained adults have a slower rate of recovery from strenuous exercise.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery from Strenuous Downhill Running in Young and Older Physically Active Adults

et al. 2019

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“…Participants lay supine with their legs fully extended and muscles relaxed in a magnet bore (Signa EXCITE 1.5T; GE Medical Systems, Chicago, USA). The most proximal slice was always set at the proximal edge of the femoral head, and the nearest slice to the 50% marker in the pretraining scanning was used for analysis throughout for each participant . Images were analyzed using OsiriX software (version 8, Pixmeo, Geneva, Switzerland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Care was taken to exclude visible adipose and connective tissue incursions. T 2 relaxation time was calculated by least‐squares analysis fitting the signal intensity at each of the four echo times (n × 25 ms: 25, 50, 75, 100 ms) to a monoexponential decay …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most proximal slice was always set at the proximal edge of the femoral head, and the nearest slice to the 50% marker in the pretraining scanning was used for analysis throughout for each participant. 9,21 Images were analyzed using OsiriX software (version 8, Pixmeo, Geneva, Switzerland). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn by manually tracing the border of each of the QF muscles.…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T 2 relaxation time was calculated by least-squares analysis fitting the signal intensity at each of the four echo times (n × 25 ms: 25, 50, 75, 100 ms) to a monoexponential decay. 9,14,21 T 1 -weighted MRIs (echo times: 5 ms, slice thickness: 4 mm, gap: 0 mm) of the whole thigh for both legs were obtained from 2 to 3 overlapping blocks at pre-and posttests. The oil capsule markers allowed alignment of the blocks during the analysis.…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

et al. 2018

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Eccentric contraction‐induced quadriceps strains, particularly in the rectus femoris (RF), frequently occur in sports. By using MRI‐based transverse relaxation time (T2) as an index of exercise‐induced muscle edema, previous studies found pronounced damage in RF after an acute single‐joint eccentric knee extension exercise. This study examined whether single‐joint eccentric knee extension training would preferentially train RF, resulting in greater hypertrophy of RF than the other quadriceps muscles. Twelve males conducted work‐matched single‐joint isokinetic (180°/s) maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors in one leg (ECC‐leg) and concentric in the other (CON‐leg), six sets/session (3‐5 sets in the initial 1‐3 sessions), two sessions/wk for 10 weeks. Muscle volume of each quadriceps was measured pre‐ and post‐training. T2 of each muscle was assessed weekly throughout the training period and pre‐ and post‐training. Muscle volume significantly increased in all muscles in ECC‐leg only, with a greater degree for RF (+7.3%) than the vasti (2.9%‐3.7%). T2 did not change in all muscles throughout. These results suggest that RF can be preferentially trained by single‐joint eccentric knee extension training. Cooperatively with the potential repeated bout effect (ie, protective effect) in eccentric exercise, this training modality would have positive implications for strain injury prevention of RF.

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Quantitative MRI Reveals Microstructural Changes in the Upper Leg Muscles After Running a Marathon

Hooijmans

Monte

Froeling

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background The majority of sports‐related injuries involve skeletal muscle. Unlike acute trauma, which is often caused by a single traumatic event leading to acute symptoms, exercise‐induced microtrauma may remain subclinical and difficult to detect. Therefore, novel methods to detect and localize subclinical exercise‐induced muscle microtrauma are desirable. Purpose To assess acute and delayed microstructural changes in upper leg muscles with multiparametric quantitative MRI after running a marathon. Study Type Longitudinal; 1‐week prior, 24–48 hours postmarathon and 2‐week follow‐up Population Eleven men participants (age: 47–68 years). Field Strength/Sequence Spin‐echo echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) with diffusion weighting, multispin echo, Dixon, and fat‐suppressed turbo spin‐echo (TSE) sequences at 3T. MR datasets and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were obtained at three timepoints. Assessment Diffusion parameters, perfusion fractions, and quantitative (q)T 2 values were determined for hamstring and quadriceps muscles, TSE images were scored for acute injury. The vastus medialis and biceps femoris long head muscles were divided and analyzed in five segments to assess local damage. Statistical Tests Differences between timepoints in MR parameters were assessed with a multilevel linear mixed model and in CK concentrations with a Friedman test. Mean diffusivity (MD) and qT 2 for whole muscle and muscle segments were compared using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results CK concentrations were elevated (1194 U/L [166–3906], P < 0.001) at 24–48 hours postmarathon and returned to premarathon values (323 U/L [56–2216]) at 2‐week follow‐up. Most of the MRI diffusion indices in muscles without acute injury changed at 24–48 hours postmarathon and returned to premarathon values at follow‐up (MD, RD, and λ3; P < 0.006). qT 2 values ( P = 0.003) and perfusion fractions ( P = 0.003) were higher at baseline compared to follow‐up. Local assessments of MD and qT 2 revealed more pronounced changes than whole muscle assessment (2–3‐fold; P < 0.01). Data Conclusion Marathon running‐induced microtrauma was detected with MRI in individual whole upper leg muscles and even more pronounced on local segments. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:407–417.

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Localization of damage in the human leg muscles induced by downhill running

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

Recovery from Strenuous Downhill Running in Young and Older Physically Active Adults

Recovery from Strenuous Downhill Running in Young and Older Physically Active Adults

Single-joint eccentric knee extension training preferentially trains the rectus femoris within the quadriceps muscles

Quantitative MRI Reveals Microstructural Changes in the Upper Leg Muscles After Running a Marathon

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