Localization of Folds and Cracks in Thin Metal Films Coated on Flexible Elastomer Foams

Vandeparre, Hugues; Liu, Qihan; Minev, Ivan R.; Suo, Zhigang; Lacour, Stéphanie

doi:10.1002/adma.201300587

Cited by 73 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Examples of such layered composites containing films of artificially compliant metal, designed to have a high elongation to failure for applications in flexible electronics, can be found in Refs. [11,[29][30][31].…”

Section: -Specific Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing laminated metal composites for tensile ductility

2015

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This contribution draws practical implications of a recently published estimation of the tensile ductility in laminated composites made of two ductile materials, typically metals or alloys, which harden as both the strain and the strain-rate increase. To this end, the literature is surveyed to collect values for the strain hardening exponent, the strain-rate sensitivity and the strength constant for a wide range of engineering metals and alloys. Material combinations that might produce ductile laminated metal composites are then examined in light of the data and theory. A simple graph is proposed, which gives a direct reading of the predicted elongation to failure of composites containing equal volume fractions of any two materials among those surveyed. The resulting plots show material combinations in which a more ductile material can significantly increase, within a Laminated Metal Composite (LMC), the tensile elongation of a less ductile material. In this role, 304 stainless steel and commercial purity iron emerge as sensible possibilities.

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Section: -Specific Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing laminated metal composites for tensile ductility

2015

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“…More importantly, the crack formation in solid-state materials could be well controlled by bending 13 , notches, and confined surface stress 14–16 . In this work, we demonstrate a new type of heterostructures consisting of intermetallic alloys and ferroelectric oxides for room-temperature memory applications; interestingly, we can utilize precisely the otherwise problematic existence of cracks to create a functional device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically reversible cracks in an intermetallic film controlled by an electric field

Liu

Biegalski

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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Cracks in solid-state materials are typically irreversible. Here we report electrically reversible opening and closing of nanoscale cracks in an intermetallic thin film grown on a ferroelectric substrate driven by a small electric field (~0.83 kV/cm). Accordingly, a nonvolatile colossal electroresistance on–off ratio of more than 108 is measured across the cracks in the intermetallic film at room temperature. Cracks are easily formed with low-frequency voltage cycling and remain stable when the device is operated at high frequency, which offers intriguing potential for next-generation high-frequency memory applications. Moreover, endurance testing demonstrates that the opening and closing of such cracks can reach over 107 cycles under 10-μs pulses, without catastrophic failure of the film.

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“…Upon stretching, large strain fields inducing cracks and folds in the metal film only localize above the foam's cells, while the surrounding ligaments remain almost strain-free, enabling stable electrical conduction in the metal film. 11 The initial electrical resistivity of the thin gold film on PU foam is 10 lX cm, similar to that of gold film on polyDimethyl siloxane (PDMS). The process flow used to prepare the soft pressure sensing skin is presented in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The two-component elastomer is mechanically mixed and allowed to foam up, producing membranes with selected density and fairly uniform cell size. 11 Evaporating thin (<100 nm thick) gold layers onto the foam elastomer produces highly stretchable metallization. The open-cell foam structure conveys highly anisotropic mechanical properties to the metallic coating.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely robust and conformable capacitive pressure sensors based on flexible polyurethane foams and stretchable metallization

Vandeparre

Watson

Lacour

2013

Applied Physics Letters

126

111

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Microfabricated capacitive sensors prepared with elastomeric foam dielectric films and stretchable metallic electrodes display robustness to extreme conditions including stretching and tissue-like folding and autoclaving. The open cellular structure of the elastomeric foam leads to significant increase of the capacitance upon compression of the dielectric membrane. The sensor sensitivity can be adjusted locally with the foam density to detect normal pressure in the 1 kPa to 100 kPa range. Such pressure transducers will find applications in interfaces between the body and support surfaces such as mattresses, joysticks or prosthetic sockets, in artificial skins and wearable robotics.

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Localization of Folds and Cracks in Thin Metal Films Coated on Flexible Elastomer Foams

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

Designing laminated metal composites for tensile ductility

Designing laminated metal composites for tensile ductility

Electrically reversible cracks in an intermetallic film controlled by an electric field

Extremely robust and conformable capacitive pressure sensors based on flexible polyurethane foams and stretchable metallization

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