Localization of ghrelin-like peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and changing of its concentration during fasting

Ngernsoungnern, Apichart; Ngernsoungnern, Piyada

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.005

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…e level of adiponectin secreted from 3T3-L1 adipocytes was performed as previously described by Ngernsoungnern and Ngernsoungnern with some modifications [21]. On day 12, the culture media were collected from control and OIE-treated groups and centrifuged at 10,000 ×g for 10 min at 4°C.…”

Section: Determination Of Adiponectin Secreted From 3t3-l1 Cells By Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiadipogenesis of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Extract via PPARγ2 in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Hengpratom

Ngernsoungnern

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Oroxylum indicum is regarded as a traditional food with medicinal properties and is used widely throughout Asia. It has previously been demonstrated that O. indicum extract (OIE) was able to suppress the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. However, the mechanism underlying the antiadipogenesis of this plant has not been fully investigated. The present study aimed to explore the impact of OIE at 50 to 200 μg mL−1 on the molecular mechanism involved in the antiadipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells at day 0 of their differentiation to adipocytes. The morphology and biochemistry of the cells on day 12 were investigated and compared to the relevant controls. Adiponectin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPARγ2), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), glucose transporter (GLUT4), and leptin in adipocytes was determined by real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that the OIE at 200 μg mL−1 exhibited strongest suppression on intracellular lipid accumulation. The levels of adiponectin were dramatically increased in the untreated adipocytes, whereas significantly decreased in the 200 μg mL−1 OIE-treated adipocytes (P<0.05). Expression of the mRNAs revealed that OIE-treated adipocytes at 200 μg mL−1 significantly inhibited the expression of PPARγ2 and SREBP-1c and lowered the level of expression of GLUT4, FAS, and leptin compared to the control (P<0.05). These findings suggest that OIE inhibits adipocyte differentiation along with the downregulation of PPARγ2, SREBP-1c, and GLUT4, leading to the decrease in the expression of FAS and adipokine (leptin and adiponectin). Thus, OIE might be developed for hyperlipidemia and obesity prevention.

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Section: Determination Of Adiponectin Secreted From 3t3-l1 Cells By Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adiponectin staining was carried out following the method of Ngernsoungnern and Ngernsoungnern with slight modifications [21]. At day 12, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes were collected, washed with cold PBS, fixed for 15 min in cold acetone, and washed with PBST.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry For Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiadipogenesis of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Extract via PPARγ2 in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Hengpratom

Ngernsoungnern

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Self Cite

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“…The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk in Tris buffer saline (20 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20; TBST) for 1 h, at room temperature. The membranes were then incubated overnight with a primary antibody, at 4 • C. After removing the primary antibody and washing with TBST, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 2 h at room temperature (Ngernsoungnern & Ngernsoungnern, 2016). Immunoblotting was performed using caspase 3 (1:1000) or β-actin (1:2000) primary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) and goat-anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Invitrogen, USA) diluted in 1% bovine serum albumin TBST.…”

Section: Western Immunoblottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrysophyllum cainito stem bark extract induces apoptosis in Human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Doan

Sritangos

Iyara

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer in humans. This study aimed to demonstrate anticancer properties of an aqueous extract from Chrysophyllum cainito stem bark (CE) and its underlying mechanisms. Our MTT assay results showed that CE significantly reduced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell viability with the IC50of 100 µg/mL, while human dermal primary fibroblast (HDFa) cells showed less susceptibility in every concentration tested. Determined by Annexin V staining, the proportion of apoptotic HepG2 cells increased in a dose-dependent fashion after 24 hour-exposure of CE. The results from Western blot analysis confirmed that CE reduced procaspase-3, suggesting apoptosis by activating caspase-3 cleavage. Using the DCFH-DA and DiOC6 fluorescent probes, it was found that CE significantly stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), respectively. According to cell cycle analysis, CE (100 µg/mL) profoundly increased the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase, indicating cell apoptosis. These data suggest that CE induces apoptosis and cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma via generation of intracellular ROS and disruption of Δψm. This is the first demonstration of the anticancer activity with proposed underlying mechanism of CE in liver cancer cells.

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“…Immunoreactivity of GHR was recognized in the GI tract and accessory organs of several species ( Hayashida et al, 2002 ; Zhao and Sakai, 2008 ; Kasacka et al, 2014 ). GHR producing cells were found in the proventriculus, gizzard, and intestine of avians ( Wada et al, 2003 ; Shao et al, 2010 ) and in stomach and intestinal epithelia of teleosts ( Feng et al, 2013 ), as well as in molluscs ( Ngernsoungnern and Ngernsoungnern, 2016 ). The GHR gene has been characterized in Carassius auratus ( Unniappan et al, 2002 ), Oreochromis mossambicus ( Kaiya et al, 2003 ), Danio rerio ( Amole and Unniappan, 2009 ), and Thunnus orientalis ( Suda et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Characterization of PepT1 and Ghrelin in Gastrointestinal Tract of Zebrafish: Effects of Spirulina Vegetarian Diet on the Neuroendocrine System Cells After Alimentary Stress

et al. 2018

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Gastrointestinal function in vertebrates is influenced by stressors, such as fasting and refeeding, different types of diet and hormonal factors. The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of a Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) diet, a microalga known for its nutraceutical properties, on the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish (Danio rerio) regarding expression of oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and ghrelin (GHR). Food deprivation and refeeding was investigated to elucidate expression of PepT1 and GHR at a gastrointestinal level and the zebrafish compensatory mechanism. PepT1 is responsible for absorbing di- and tripeptides through a brush border membrane of intestinal mucosa. GHR is a brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals, stimulating growth hormone secretion and regulating appetite. Samples were taken after 2 and 5 days of specimen fasting, and 2 and 5 days of refeeding with Sera Spirulina tabs, in which the major constituent is Spirulina sp. (50.2% protein). Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of PepT1 and GHR were carried out. Control specimen intestinal tract showed normal morphology of the digestive tract. Fasting caused fold structural changes and intestinal lumen constriction. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a PepT1 level reduction after fasting and an increase after refeeding, reaching very high levels after 5 days, compared to controls. GHR levels increased after food deprivation and gradually decreased after refeeding. Increased expression of PepT1 in refeeding fish suggests a compensatory physiological mechanism, as does the increase in GHR levels in fasting fish followed by a reduction after refeeding. A compensatory mechanism may be induced by fasting and refeeding and by a higher protein Spirulina diet. The microalga, for its nutraceutical properties, is an excellent candidate for animal breeding and human diet.

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Localization of ghrelin-like peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and changing of its concentration during fasting

Cited by 5 publications

References 80 publications

Antiadipogenesis of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Extract via PPARγ2 in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Antiadipogenesis of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Extract via PPARγ2 in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Chrysophyllum cainito stem bark extract induces apoptosis in Human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway

Immunohistochemical Characterization of PepT1 and Ghrelin in Gastrointestinal Tract of Zebrafish: Effects of Spirulina Vegetarian Diet on the Neuroendocrine System Cells After Alimentary Stress

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