Localization of high-affinity binding sites for oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain. An autoradiographic study

Loup, Fabienne; Tribollet, Eliane; Dubois‐Dauphin, Michel; Dreifuss, J. J.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90345-v

Cited by 337 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, the localization of the effect in brain in amygdala is in good agreement with our regional a priori hypothesis, which was based on the central role of amygdala function for social behaviour and fear processing 44 and data showing abundant vasopressin-binding sites in amygdala in humans. 10 The present results confirm this hypothesis and are consistent with preclinical data on the localization and function of vasopressin 9,45 and with the observed link to personality features that have been shown to be neurally mediated, at least in part, by amygdala. Therefore, our findings strengthen the evidence for a functional impact of vasopressin on neural mechanisms for social behaviour and fear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…50 However, significant differences in cortical activity were not observed in the present study, in agreement with reports of a lack of vasopressin-binding sites in cortex in humans. 10 As our data show an impact of the studied AVPR1A variants on brain activity and personality, our data provide a systems level correlate of the genetic effects of length variation in the promoter region of AVPR1A identified by Knafo et al 19 and mirror the results from the vole variant obtain in transfected cells. 18 Given the strong evidence for male-predominant effects of vasopressin in many species, 9 data showing differing responses to vasopressin in men and women in some 46,47 studies, and the strongly increased risk for autism in men, we were surprised not to see an interaction of sex and AVPR1A genotype in our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In marked contrast to vasopressin production, the distribution pattern of the major receptor for vasopressin, V1aR, differs considerably between and even within species, and has been linked to social behaviour, for example monogamy. 9 In human brain, vasopressin-binding sites were detected in the lateral septum, thalamus, basal amygdaloid nucleus and brainstem, 10 but not in cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variants in AVPR1A linked to autism predict amygdala activation and personality traits in healthy humans

Kolachana²,

et al. 2008

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In mammals, the neuropeptide vasopressin is a key molecule for complex emotional and social behaviours. Two microsatellite polymorphisms, RS1 and RS3, near the promoter of AVPR1A, encoding the receptor subtype most heavily implicated in behaviour regulation, have been linked to autism and behavioural traits. However, the impact of these variants on human brain function is unknown. Here we show that human amygdala function is strongly associated with genetic variation in AVPR1A. Using an imaging genetics approach in a sample of 121 volunteers studied with an emotional face-matching paradigm, we found that differential activation of amygdala is observed in carriers of risk alleles for RS3 and RS1. Alleles in RS1 previously reported to be significantly over-and undertransmitted to autistic probands showed opposing effects on amygdala activation. Furthermore, we show functional difference in human brain between short and long repeat lengths that mirror findings recently obtained in a corresponding variant in voles. Our results indicate a neural mechanism mediating genetic risk for autism through an impact on amygdala signalling and provide a rationale for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at abnormal amygdala function in this disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variants in AVPR1A linked to autism predict amygdala activation and personality traits in healthy humans

Kolachana²,

et al. 2008

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“…Decisions to trust contrasted with the control condition also activated the SA (together with the adjoining hypothalamus), a limbic region that has been demonstrated to modulate various aspects of social behavior including social memory and learning (28). In addition, the SA plays a putative role in controlling anterior hypothalamic functions and the release of the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin and itself contains receptors for those neuropeptides (29)(30)(31). Besides the well known physiological functions of oxytocin in milk letdown and during labor, oxytocin is a key mediator in facilitating various complex social behaviors, including maternal care (31), pair bonding (31), social recognition (32), and the ability to form social attachment (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of trust

Krueger

McCabe

Moll

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

326

236

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Trust is a critical social process that helps us to cooperate with others and is present to some degree in all human interaction. However, the underlying brain mechanisms of conditional and unconditional trust in social reciprocal exchange are still obscure. Here, we used hyperfunctional magnetic resonance imaging, in which two strangers interacted online with one another in a sequential reciprocal trust game while their brains were simultaneously scanned. By designing a nonanonymous, alternating multiround game, trust became bidirectional, and we were able to quantify partnership building and maintenance. Using within-and between-brain analyses, an examination of functional brain activity supports the hypothesis that the preferential activation of different neuronal systems implements these two trust strategies. We show that the paracingulate cortex is critically involved in building a trust relationship by inferring another person's intentions to predict subsequent behavior. This more recently evolved brain region can be differently engaged to interact with more primitive neural systems in maintaining conditional and unconditional trust in a partnership. Conditional trust selectively activated the ventral tegmental area, a region linked to the evaluation of expected and realized reward, whereas unconditional trust selectively activated the septal area, a region linked to social attachment behavior. The interplay of these neural systems supports reciprocal exchange that operates beyond the immediate spheres of kinship, one of the distinguishing features of the human species.U nlike other species, humans are trustful and cooperate with genetically unrelated strangers, with individuals they will never meet again, or even when reputation and gains are absent (1, 2). Recent studies in experimental economics and social neuroscience have started to explore the neurobiology of trust (2-6) and cooperation (7-10) in reciprocal exchange. Reciprocal behavior allows the formation of partnerships that can produce mutual advantages for cooperators and thus can be selected for maximizing evolutionary fitness (11). Reciprocity generally involves a first mover who must trust another person to give the other person an opportunity to reciprocate (12). Typically in a partnership, the person who moves first will vary frequently. In laboratory experiments, trusting behavior can be reliably reproduced (13, 14) although with significant individual variation with respect to both experience (3, 15) and context (5, 16).In this paper we look at first movers' decisions to trust. Trusting is always risky given the unpredictability of the intentions of the partner in a social exchange (17). A trust relationship is built on each partner's decisions to trust and reciprocate. To build a trust relationship, partners must learn that they can depend on each other. One model of this process is the goodwill accounting model (18), which is based on the empirical practice of taking into account the value of ongoing partnerships. Partners accumulate go...

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“…Anatomical studies in monkeys and humans demonstrate the presence of these systems in the amygdala and͞or prefrontal cortex (33)(34)(35)(36). Furthermore, numerous rodent studies demonstrate involvement of the opiate, vasopressin, and oxytocin systems in behaviors associated with attachment, and alterations in these systems affect separationinduced vocalizations (37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calling for help is independently modulated by brain systems underlying goal-directed behavior and threat perception

Fox

Oakes²,

Shelton³

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In primates, during times of need, calling for help is a universal experience. Calling for help recruits social support and promotes survival. However, calling for help also can attract predators, and it is adaptive to inhibit calls for help when a potential threat is perceived. Based on this, we hypothesized that individual differences in calling for help would be related to the activity of brain systems that mediate goal-directed behavior and the detection of threat. By using high-resolution positron emission tomography in rhesus monkeys undergoing social separation, we demonstrate that increased [ 18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased uptake in the amygdala independently predict individual differences in calling for help. When taken together, these two regions account for 76% of the variance in calling for help. This result suggests that the drive for affiliation and the perception of threat determine the intensity of an individual's behavior during separation. These findings in monkeys are relevant to humans and provide a conceptual neural framework to understand individual differences in how primates behave when in need of social support.anxiety ͉ monkey ͉ positron emission tomography S table attachment bonds are fundamentally important to the success of social primates. Moreover, when attachment bonds are disrupted, separated individuals are more vulnerable to threatening environmental stressors, including predation. During separation, individuals experience varying levels of distress that motivate them to engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of reunion. Vocalizations expressed during separation are vital because they signal the need for social support and help other group members locate the individual in need.Extensive studies in rhesus monkeys have characterized the parameters of separation-induced vocalizations, or coo calls, as well as the neurochemical mechanisms that modulate their expression (1). Furthermore, it has been suggested that these high-pitched vocalizations are analogous to human cries (2). Rhesus monkeys are particularly well suited to study mechanisms underlying individual differences in human responses to separation because of similarities between the two species in social behavior, the expression of psychopathology, and in brain systems, such as the prefrontal cortex, that are involved in the regulation of emotion (3).In any given situation, the degree to which an individual calls for help is related to numerous factors. These factors include not only the amount of distress that an individual experiences and the importance of social support at that time but also the risks related to calling for help. Research from our laboratory demonstrates that when separated monkeys are exposed to a potential threat, they decrease their calling for help (1). In the process of assessing the extent to which potential predatorial threat is real, the adaptive response is to engage in behaviors that reduce the likelihood of detectio...

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Localization of high-affinity binding sites for oxytocin and vasopressin in the human brain. An autoradiographic study

Cited by 337 publications

References 46 publications

Genetic variants in AVPR1A linked to autism predict amygdala activation and personality traits in healthy humans

Genetic variants in AVPR1A linked to autism predict amygdala activation and personality traits in healthy humans

Neural correlates of trust

Calling for help is independently modulated by brain systems underlying goal-directed behavior and threat perception

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