Localization of L-glutamate receptors in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography

Halpain, Shelley; Wieczorek, CM; Rainbow, T. C.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-09-02247.1984

Cited by 135 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…58,000 subunits as indicated by biochemical methods (10,11) and the distribution of the Mr 50,000 subunit as shown by immunochemical methods (20). Interestingly, the regional distribution of CaM kinase II (present results) and that of sodium-independent glutamate binding sites (21) show a striking correlation (unpublished observations in collaboration with S. Halpain and T. Rainbow).…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

Immunocytochemical localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain.

Ouimet¹,

McGuinness²,

Greengard³

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

253

137

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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) is a prominent enzyme in mammalian brain capable of phosphorylating a variety of substrate proteins. In the present investigation, the subcellular and regional distribution of CaM kinase II has been studied by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using an antibody that recognizes the Mr 50,000 and 60,000/58,000 subunits of the enzyme. Light microscopy demonstrates strong immunoreactivity in neuronal somata and dendrites and weak immunoreactivity in axons. Electron microscopy, in addition to confirming light microscopic observations, reveals moderate immunoreactivity in spines and weak immunoreactivity ii nerve terminals. An accumulation of immunoreaction product is also present on postsynaptic densities. The presence of CaM kinase II in diverse structures throughout the neuron supports the view that this enzyme may be involved in mediating a variety of calcium-dependent physiological processes. CaM kinase II immunoreactivity is present in neurons throughout the brain, but a marked regional variation in the strength of the immunoreactivity exists. Overall, there is a gradient of staining intensity with the strongest immunoreactivity in the telencephalon and the weakest in the myelencephalon. The most heavily labeled regions of the telencephalon are the hippocampal formation, lateral septum, cortical regions, neostriatum, and amygdaloid complex.

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supporting

confidence: 70%

Immunocytochemical localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain.

Ouimet¹,

McGuinness²,

Greengard³

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

253

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The earlier study focused on hippocampal neurons, whereas the experiments re- ported here focused on hypothalamic neurons. The hippocampus has a very high level of expression of glutamate receptors compared with the hypothalamus (Halpain et al, 1984), and that might be responsible for the strong responses of hippocampal cells to glutamate. Although all mature hypothalamic neurons tested have glutamate and GABA receptors (van den Pol and Trombley, 1993;Chen et al, 1995), during early development (first week in vitro), hypothalamic neurons show a substantially greater current and conductance increase in response to GABA than to glutamate Chen et al, 1995).…”

Section: Gaba Ca2+ Elevating or Depressingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth cone calcium elevation by GABA

Obrietan

Pol

1996

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Cytoplasmic calcium plays a key role in neurite growth. In contrast to previous work suggesting that gamma aminobutyrate's (GABA) role in regulating growth cone calcium is primarily to antagonize the effects of glutamate, we report that GABA can act in an excitatory manner on developing hypothalamic neurites, independently raising calcium in growing neurites and their growth cones. Time-lapse digital video and confocal laser microscopy with the calcium-sensitive dyes fluo-3 and fura-2 were used to study the influence of GABA on neurite calcium levels. GABA (10 microM) evoked a calcium rise in both bicarbonate- and Hepes-based buffers. The calcium rise was greatly reduced after chloride transport was blocked. GABA raised calcium by stimulating the cell body, resulting in an increase in calcium throughout the neuronal cell body and dendritic arbor. GABA also acted locally, stimulating a neuritic calcium rise only in a single dendrite or growth cone. In some neurites and growth cones during early development, GABA generated a greater calcium rise than did glutamate. Bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, reduced calcium levels in neurites of young synaptically coupled neurons, indicating that ongoing synaptic release of GABA raised neuritic calcium. These data suggest that during early development, GABA may play a significant role in regulating process growth and modulating the formation of early connections in the hypothalamus. Our data support the hypothesis that GABA receptors are functionally active and may play a calcium regulating role similar to that of glutamate in neuronal development. This is particularly true in early development, as later in development GABA's role becomes more inhibitory, and glutamate plays the primary excitatory role.

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“…Whether the opposite is true, that terminals not releasing Glu invariably contain low Glutamate as a putative neurotransmitter in the VPL A role for Glu as a neurotransmitter in the VPL is supported by the finding that Glu or other excitatory amino acid receptor agonists excite VPL neurons (Curtis et al, 1972;Haldeman et al, 1972;Salt, 1986Salt, , 1988. Autoradiographic studies have also revealed the presence of Glu binding sites in the VPL (Greenamyre et al, 1984;Halpain et al, 1984).…”

Section: General Comments On Glutamate Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

Broman

Ottersen

1992

J. Neurosci.

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The distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity (Glu-LI) in the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of cats was studied with the EM immunogold technique in order to identify nerve terminal populations that may use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. The investigation was focused on cervicothalamic tract (CTT) terminals, which were labeled by WGA-HRP transported anterogradely from injection sites in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN). The amount of Glu-LI in different profiles was evaluated quantitatively by counting the number of gold particles and then calculating the areal density of gold particles over different profile types. The highest density of gold particles was found over terminals with morphologic characteristics of terminals of cortical origin (RS terminals), a finding that further supports the glutamatergic nature of these terminals suggested by previous studies. Enrichment of Glu-LI was also found in CTT terminals and in non-peroxidase-labeled terminals with the same morphologic characteristics as CTT terminals (RL terminals). The labeling density over these terminals was about twice the average tissue density of gold particles. The labeling density over large VPL neuronal cell bodies was on average 127%, and that over vesicle-containing dendritic appendages and truncs (presynaptic dendrites) about 80%, of the average tissue density of gold particles. Immunogold labeling with antiserum against glutamine (Gln) indicated low levels of Gln-like immunoreactivity in CTT terminals and a high Glu:Gln ratio as compared to astrocytes and the average Glu:Gln ratio in the VPL. The present findings provide further support for a transmitter role of glutamate in terminals of ascending somatosensory afferents to the VPL, including the CTT. Taken together with previous findings of an enrichment of Glu-LI in terminals of the spinocervical tract (Broman et al., 1990), our results suggest that synaptic transmission in the spinocervicothalamic pathway is dependent on the release of glutamate both at the levels of the LCN and the VPL.

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Localization of L-glutamate receptors in rat brain by quantitative autoradiography

Cited by 135 publications

References 50 publications

Immunocytochemical localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain.

Immunocytochemical localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat brain.

Growth cone calcium elevation by GABA

Cervicothalamic tract terminals are enriched in glutamate-like immunoreactivity: an electron microscopic double-labeling study in the cat

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